Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Lab Report

pneumoniae were EMB, Oxidase, Citrate, Gelatin, Glucose, Lactose, SIM, Methyl Red, vogues Proskauer and phenylalanine. The start of the Biochemical test consisted of inoculation on regular nutrient agar and incubating for 48 hours. After incubation, gram staining was done to identify the bacterium as either gram positive or negative along with the shape of the bacterium using a microscope. The bacterium was then inoculated on EMB based on the identification of it being gram negative. After the inoculation on EMB, Oxidase, Citrate, Gelatin, Glucose, Lactose, SIM, Phenylalanine, and MR-VP were inoculated and incubated for 5 days. The results of each biochemical were observed and

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram negative bacterium so gram staining of the sputum would be a good place to eliminate all the gram positive bacterium.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the gram negative bacteria's most common for hospital infections (Evaluations 1). Klebsiella pneumoniae is a causative agent of bacterial pneumoniae (textbook p. 421). Most of the time, members of the genus Klebsiella are found in the soil or water and if exposed to humans it can cause a very serious form of pneumonia and inflammation in the lungs (textbook p.300).

Pneumocystis jirovecii is the causative agent of Pneumocystis pneumonia, one of the most frequent and severe opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. As P. jirovecii cannot be grown in culture from clinical specimens (167,168). The current laboratory diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia has relied mainly upon microscopic techniques, for detection of cysts and trophozoites of the organism by cytological staining or by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies (169,170). However, all these conventional methods have a low sensitivity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the more sensitive and specific than the conventional methods for the detection of P. jirovecii (171,172).

The signs and symptoms are usually mild at first and resemble a common cold; runny nose, nasal congestion, red and watery eyes, fever, and a cough (Mayo, 2016). After a few weeks, signs and symptoms will worsen and thick mucus will collect inside the airways causing the unmanageable coughing. They are horrific coughing attacks that can lead to vomiting, result in a red or blue face, extreme fatigue, and ends with a high pitched “whoop” sound during the next patient’s breath (Mayo, 2016). The diagnosis of pertussis includes an assessment of the patient’s history of typical signs and symptoms and an actual physical examination (Diagnosis, 2016). The doctor will obtain a nose or throat mucus culture by swabbing or suctioning from the area where the nose and throat meet, and then the sample of checked for evidence of bordatella pertussis bacterium. A blood test may be acquired to check the white blood cell count as white blood cells fight infections, such as whooping cough. A high count of white blood cells indicates the presence of infection or inflammation but does not pertain only to whooping cough. A chest x-ray may also be ordered to check for inflammation or fluid in the lungs which can occur in pneumonia, a complication of

To properly diagnose the infection a gram stain and a culture should be obtained. These can be obtained through blood, cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, pleural fluid, joint fluid, or bone. The presence of neutrophils and greater than 10 gram positive diplococcic usually result in a diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumonia. If further conformation is needed, the sample is streaked on a blood agar. If the organism should exhibit alpha-hemolysis, a green coloring zone around the colonies of bacteria, and bile or optochin sensitivity the diagnosis of Streptococcus Pneumonae is

Initially described as “plasma cell pneumonia”, pulmonary infection with the microorganism Pneumocystis jiroveci (formely known as Pnemocystis carinii) was first identified in malnourished infants (especially those in orphanages) at the conclusion of the Second World War. Today this disease, manifesting as a severe and often fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, is of increasing importance to pediatricians and other specialists around the world.

According to Khan et al (2015), the etiological agents of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) cannot be determined clinically and differ from area to area. Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, etc. as well as Gram-negative bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella species are recovered from LRTIs.

other pathogens such as viruses and other gram positive bacteria is necessary.The diagnosis can be based on direct detection and serology.The diagnosis is regarded as efficient if the detection of the organism is at the early stage of the disease.Culture,although being the reference method for M.Pneumoniae is time consuming(around 21days) and also insensitive.Till date serology remained the most sensitive method of detection of M.Pneumoniae by CFT although reperesent the classic antibody detection it cannot differentiate between the antibody isotopes.Agglutination test also cannot discriminate between antibody classes either.Both agglutination and CFT both are negative in reinfection as it detects IgM only.Currently ELISA technique is the

Pneumonias can be classified by the type of agent that’s causing the infection, and distribution and location of the infection. This patient that specifically has community acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be either bacterial or viral in nature, and described as pneumonia that did not originate from a nursing home or hospital (Grossman & Porth, 2013). CAP should be suspected if the patient presents with symptoms such as dyspnea, high fever, rigors, tachycardia, pulmonary edema, and productive cough. The productive cough may produce yellow, green, or even rust colored sputum. A change in metal status is a less common symptom and is seen more with elderly patients. Symptoms are typically present for more than fourteen days (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2013).

Pneumonia can be defined as the inflammatory process of the lungs that produces excess fluid. The most common cause of pneumonia is bacteria pneumonia. Bacteria pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia. This type of pneumonia can occur on its own or after you 've had a cold or the flu. For your average adult, pneumonia manifestations include: fever, chills, flushed face, diaphoresis, shortness of breath, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, sputum production, crackles, coughing, dull chest percussion over areas of consolidation, decreased oxygen saturation, and purulent blood tinged sputum. Older adults who experience pneumonia may experience some of the same symptoms as younger adults; however, when assessing an older adult for

There are several types pneumonia and each are named on how an individual is infected or for the germs that causes it. However, in this case study, the focus

S. pneumoniae is capnophilic, preferring atmospheres of 5–10% carbon dioxide. Streptococcus pneumoniae can be distinguished from other streptococci, owing to the fact that it is catalase negative; can be inhibited by ethyl hydrocupreine; it is soluble in bile (due to activation of autolytic property, which consequently lead to cell lysis); it is α-haemolytic (it can be easily identified on agar plates, due to greenish discoloration of blood agar due to the production of pneumolysin) (Balakrishnan, 2006).

This article was published on Harvard International Review at January 13, 2014. This is an article about the disease, pneumonia and children. It was published very recently, just about 4 months ago. Therefore, this article is likely to be reliable and updated then. However, the article does not include any information after January 13, 2014. Thus further research has to be done in order to get the latest information.

In handling of the sputum when testing for the presence of bacteria pathogen one has to ensure that there is no extraneous bacteria to contaminate the specimen. The sample is refrigerated for a maximum of twenty-four hours. The sample should not be frozen or stored at room temperature. Ensure that the minimum amounts of the present antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth are not visible to the eye. One should differentiate pathogenic and normal flora bacteria. The identification of the bacteria is a step by step process that involves biochemical, molecular and immunological tests and observations.