Mycorrhization Of Plant Nutrition

vulgaris plants, via the formation of a standard curve prepared using varying concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. Following absorbance readings of the various BSA solutions, they were plotted against their concentrations providing an indirect measure for determining protein concentrations of the plant samples within the assay tubes, and through further calculations the sample protein concentration. The mean protein concentration for the control group was calculated to be 3.34 ± 1.30 mg/mL, while the mean treated group concentration was 2.01 ± 1.26 mg/mL. These results similarly like the chlorophyll results correlate with the literature articles, as a reduced protein content within the Paraquat treated plants can be expected to some extent (Chia et al., 1981). This reduction in protein concentration is the result of those superoxide anions produced by Paraquat, disrupting the chloroplast membranes and allowing for intracellular components including some proteins to leak out, hence the decrease in protein concentration in comparison to the non-treated plants (Qian et al., 2009). A slight outlier may exist within the treated groups protein concentrations as one of the groups provided a negative value for protein concentration which is not valid, but even after exclusion of that data value, results are still supportive of the expected outcome. Though these results support the claim of Paraquat toxicity causing membrane deterioration and leakiness, protein concentration values are rather more purposeful when used to analyze malondialdehyde (MDA) values on per mg of protein

The pH of soil is important for the absorption of nutrients into the plant. Of the 17 needed plant nutrients 14 of them are acquired through the soil. Acidity is needed to break down and dissolve these nutrients. The nutrients are able to dissolve into the soil faster when the acid is acting as a solute. Another way the pH affects the soil is by influencing microorganisms. The bacteria is crucial in the growth and development of the plant, the bacteria’s role is to break down and decompose organic matter in the soil. If the pH of the soil is too high the acid will slow down and eventually stop the microorganisms. Most plants ideal pH is between 6-7, slightly acidic. Many plants are outliers and thrive in pH such as carrots and corn, which can withstand pH as low as 5.5. If the pH of the soil is too high for the desired crop farmers can add material such as limestone, and wood ashes to raise the pH to the desired level. The pH of the soil can also be changed naturally through the leaching of calcium, magnesium and sodium by rainwater. Carbon dioxide from rotting organic matter can also increase the pH of the soil. Acids can also be created organically in the form of sulfuric and nitric

The purpose of this lab was to investigate and observe the effects of organic vs. synthetic fertilizers on plant growth by planting lima beans with added amounts of fertilizers, and to see how does adding different nutrients to the soil affect the growth of the lima bean? A significant difference was examined between the plants that contained manure and miracle growth, unfortunately the plant with no additional fertilizers (Plant #3) did not show any growth. The plant that grew the most was the one that contained manure, to an extent the one that grew the most in a short period of time was the one that contained miracle growth, as shown in figure I. The hypothesis explaining if the Lima Bean plant contains synthetic nutrients in the soil then

As mentioned in The Littlest Farmhands, the fungus-like organism called Phytophthora infestans is known to cause potato blight and other crop diseases which leads to famines. There are many other fungi and bacteria that cause the roots and leaves of the plant to decay. On the other hand, microbial groups such as rhizobiome, have been discovered to help fight off crop pests and diseases. Other microbes have been found to help plants thrive in dry or salty environments; this will be beneficial when the world needs to adapt to climate change (Jop de Vrieze, pg 681). There is another beneficial microorganism called mycorrhizae, which forms fungal filaments at the base of the plant’s roots. These filaments carry nutrients and water to the plant cells for survival, and they let different crops communicate with one another to form a defense system in the event of a pathogenic attack. I strongly believe farmers should switch to the more natural way of taking care of their

While experimenting with the green beans, the seeds exposed to the organic plant food germinated within five days of the experiment and the seeds exposed to the chemical plant food germinated within six. The seeds that acted as the control had been expected to grow the least, however, it was surprising that they did not grow at all. Both the chemical and organic fertilizers proved to have positive results on the plants. It was also unexpected when the seeds exposed to the chemical plant food surpassed the height of the other experimental seeds after being shorter. The predicted reason for the increase in growth with seeds given Miracle Grow was because chemical fertilizers automatically store up the nutrients and disperse it constantly throughout

Over Fertilization occurs when more nutrients are added to the soil than the growing plants can utilize unused nutrients are then carried away by irrigation or rain water. Several factors can result in over fertilization. For example, it is difficult to determine precise nutrient content in some organic fertilizers, like manure. As a result, actual nutrient levels may exceed estimated content, and over fertilization occurs. Also, gardeners may incorrectly diagnose poor plant growth as a nutrient deficiency and apply fertilizer as a corrective amendment. In fact, the true problem could be unhealthy roots, poor soil conditions or other improper care. To prevent overfertilization, have soil tested regularly to determine accurate nutrient levels and only apply fertilizer as

Title: The Affects of Acidic Solutions on Lima Bean Plants Abstract: To determine the best Ph to grow bean plants at maximal growth we have conducted a controlled experiment. First grew twenty five pea plants in twenty five individual hydroponic pots, with 250 ml distilled water, until they grew into mature plants. Then divided those plants into five different sections, each section has five plants. Then tested five different liquids all having different Ph levels. These liquids are distilled water, tap water, lemon water, Tylenol water and sparkling water.

However, in this experiment, arracacha was affected by two factors instead of one: temperature and pH. The experiment concluded that in low temperatures and high pH, arracacha produced the highest amounts of peroxidase (Menolli 2011). To replicate this experiment, we used a turnip plant in place of arracacha for the root plant, and apple cider vinegar instead of 0.2M citric acid for pH variable, keeping the environment’s temperature constant between the experimental and control plant since only one stressor variable could be chosen. Although the apple cider vinegar has a pH of 5 while the 0.2M citric acid has a pH of 2.5, we were certain that peroxidase production would still occur. Furthermore, we had to be cautious and ensure not to completely kill the turnip plant, but to only stress

What we were trying to find with this experiment was recommend soil salt concentrations, soil pH levels, and optimize light bulbs, for a greenhouse growth of different types of potatoes. We did this by determining ideal soil salt concentrations by calculating percent mass change in potatoes at various salt concentrations, determining optimal pH for maximum catalase activity, and using a spectrophotometer to determine the absorbance of pigment extracted from leaves. In the first experiment, we were able to find that the concentration that was hypotonic to potato cells would be 0.0M NaCl. While the salt concentrations that are hypertonic to the potato cells are 0.2 M NaCl, 0.4 NaCl, and 0.6 M NaCl.

Dr. Mazzola, like many other scientists, worked to find a way to use the soil as a defense against fungi, bacteria, and parasitic animals that attacks crops. Scientists are currently investigating the organisms that live in the sol in order to learn how the organisms fight pathogens. The research shows that due to the number of microbes in the soil and the amount of nutrients these microbes use, it becomes harder for pathogens to invade the plant. Those that can get past the microbes can destroy the plant and by killing the native microbes, pathogens grow faster. When pathogens attack a plant, they release chemicals that attracts microbes that will kill them. Scientists also found that the bacteria will feed on the nutrients leaked out by the damaged roots and produce a toxin that kills the plant. Dr. Mazzola found that by adding seed meal to apple orchards, it will attract different microbes as well as different bacteria and fungi. Regardless, the soil still protected the plants. The research done, especially those such as Dr. Mazzola, is significant because it could help farmers bring in microbes to protect crops.

In this experiment, Arabidopsis thaliana is used. Its cell suspension is cultured weekly by tenfold dilution. It contains 100ml fresh growth medium, 4.3g/L Murashige and Skoog basal salt mixture which is the mixture of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, naphthaleneacetic acid, and kinetin. The salt mixture is then adjusted to its optimum pH. Cell cultures are incubated at 23C where the light and dark intensity are controlled. For this experiment, 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark. Filter sterilized cadmium (Cd) chloride are used as its treatment. The concentration were manipulated from 0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 M. analysis of growth rate was done by taking out aliquots of 10mL at every several hours

Abstract. The purpose of this lab was so we could see how water potential works. We also saw how water requires certain characteristics to be able to be taken up by plant tissue. The results suggest that a higher sucrose concentration in the water results in a lower weight of the potato tissue. This is important because plants need to be able to take up the water that is provided to them.

Chemical elements can cause harmful effects on human health due to the use of plants that are grown in contaminated soil. Through bioaccumulation, over plants that absorb an element from the soil, elements enter into the food chain and shall be deposited in the human body. Root system in plants plays an important role in the distribution of elements from the soil through the plant. Elevated pH values can affect the lack of accessible forms of specific nutritious elements. The value of pH has a decisive influence on the dynamics of all the elements in the soil, especially micro elements and heavy metals. In the acidic environment the solubility of metals increases, they cross to the solution of the soil from which the plant adopted them, which can lead to greater adoption of these elements by plants. The increase in soil acidity reduces the amount of plant available phosphorus, which by binding to iron and aluminum becomes difficult soluble phosphates (Resulović, Čustović 2002) Also, there is a more intensive adoption of manganese and its toxic effects on

It is already known that although, fertilizers increase the growth of plants, they are not considered good for the environment. Earthworms, which are environment friendly added to proportional amounts of organic fertilizer, would help the environmental issue; while having a positive effect on growth. The idea is to use the best of both so that the environment can also be saved and quantitative growth can also be achieved. Our question proposed is what will be the effect of the combination of earthworms and organic fertilizers on the growth of radish plants. It is expected that the average growth of radish plants that contain earthworms and organic fertilizer will have the greatest growth compared to radish plants grown with organic fertilizer, only soil or only earthworms. This study may provide strong support for organic farming where worms can play an essential role in plant growth rate where farming can be done by using less chemical fertilizers and compensating it with biological processes such as

S (%) and K (%) are marginal but in soil analysis Sulfate-S and K are low, therefore is recommended to add fertiliser to rise nutrient to optimum levels