Myelin Sheath's Autoimmune Disease: Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves an autoimmune process that develops when a previous viral insult to the nervous system has occurred in a genetically susceptible individual. B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and activated T cells, along with proinflammatory cytokines, cause inflammation, oligodendrocyte injury and demyelination. Early inflammation and demyelination lead to irreversible axonal

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS) through cellular immune response and the demyelination of CNS white matter (McCance et al., 2014, pp. 630–633). The initial causes of MS are unknown however, it is believed that it could possibly be due to an immune response to an initiating infection or an autoimmune response to CNS antigens on the myelin itself (Brück, 2005) (Miljković and Spasojević, 2013). MS is a result of the degradation of the myelin sheath surrounding neurons and therefore disrupts the transmission of action potentials along these cells. MS can display itself in the form of symptoms ranging from muscle weakness to trouble with sensation and coordination (NHS, 2016). The degradation of myelin leads the body to attempt to remyelinate the neurons, a process that in turn leads to the thickening of the cell by glial cells and this causes lesions to form (Chari, 2007). It is this thickening (sclerae) from which the disease gets its name. Sufferers of MS can either have a relapsing type of MS, in which there are episodes that lead to the worsening of symptoms for a period of time, or a progressive type of MS where symptoms gradually progress and worsen (McCance et al., 2014, pp. 630–633).

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive neurological disease affecting all aspects of life: physical, cognitive, emotional, and social (Abma). It is known as an autoimmune disease, Where the body’s immune system turns against the body and destroys the protective covering that surrounds nerve cells. This damage to the nerve cells causes many problems for the patient including weakness, muscle stiffness, poor coordination and balance, tingling, numbness, tremors, blurred vision, slurred speech, and memory and concentration problems (Bren)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system. The myelinated nerve cells get attacked which results in scars and lesions that destroy the myelin sheath. The reason for the body attacking its own nerve cells is unknown. Many believe that the cause of MS is from a virus, a deficiency in Vitamin D, or genetics. Studies are being done to find out what is the real cause of MS.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) a disease which the immune system attacks the protective sheath also known as the myelin that covers the nerves. Damages myelin disrupts the communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The nerves itself may weaken, process that is currently irreversible.

Multiple Sclerosis, commonly known as MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Scientists have been studying MS since the 19th century. In MS, the body’s immune system produces cells and antibodies that attack myelin in your brain which is essential for the nerves in your brain and spinal cord to conduct electricity to perform its function. The attack on myelin results in vison loss, paralysis, numbness, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, stiffness, spasms, and bladder and bowel problems. MS has varying degrees of severity and affects people between the ages of 20-50, mostly women. Although there are treatments, there is no cause and cure yet.

“Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which your immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers your nerves” (Mayo Clinic). The immune system is a defensive system that protects your body from diseases and illnesses such as parasites and bacteria (Science Museum). Not only does your immune system defend the human body but also the immune system can work against the body, which is known as autoimmune disease. Since the immune system is working against your body to attack the myelin, this creates an opportunity for multiple sclerosis to invade the nerves in the central nervous system (CNS). The myelin within the body acts like insulation to protect and coat the nervous system (National Multiple Sclerosis Society). Once the myelin is eroded, the nerves become exposed which then causes signals to and from the brain to become distorted or irrupted causing a wide range of symptoms to occur (National Multiple Sclerosis Society). The effect of the myelin eroding is an irreversible process (Mayo Clinic). “The damaged myelin forms scar tissue (sclerosis), which

Multiple sclerosis is an unpredictable, crippling neurological disease of the central nervous system, which affects the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. The name is this disease refers to multiple areas of scarring throughout the brain and spinal cord. This scarring is a result of what happens when the body attacks itself. A substance called Myelin surrounds the nerves to help protect them (Healthline.com, 2015). Multiple Sclerosis is thought to occur in a genetically susceptible individual (although there is no evidence to show that the disease is directly inherited) influenced one or more environmental factors. MS is thought to be an autoimmune disease, however others disagree as the target of the immune

Multiple Sclerosis, commonly referred to as MS, is an unpredictable disorder of the central nervous system, or CNS, and it is a chronic inflammatory disorder. MS is a disease that involves the immune system attacking the CNS. They myelin that covers and protects the nerve fibers is damaged, as well as the nerve fibers themselves. They myelin that is damaged forms scar tissue know as sclerosis. This is where the name of the disease came from. When the nerve fibers or myelin is damaged, the nerve fibers that travel to and from the spinal cord are distorted or interrupted this is why there is a variety of symptoms that can occur. Multiple Sclerosis affects rather young individuals, as young as twenty. It is most common in adults in their twenties

MS is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system attacks the bodys own myelin sheath protection. The damaged myelin and axon fibers is caused by overactivated T cells.

Multiple sclerosis, commonly known as MS, is an auto-immune disease. An auto-immune disease is one in which the body attacks itself. In this particular disease, the central nervous system is being attacked. Specifically, the myelin sheath, or the fatty substance that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, is attacked. The attacks cause scar tissue, which makes it difficult for signals to travel between the brain and body. Eventually, the nerves may deteriorate, which is a process that is completely irreversible [5]. See the figure below for more detail.

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder which is characterized by multiple areas of scarring to nerve fibers of the CNS. It often affects people between 20 to 40 years. Currently there are about 1.1 million people suffering from multiple sclerosis. Like most of the autoimmune diseases females are more affected than males in this disease. Multiple Sclerosis effects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The disease commences with a discrete attack known as CIS (clinically isolated syndrome), which may attack any area of the CNS but mostly attacks either the brain stem, optic nerve or spinal cord.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), is considered to be "a immune-mediated disease" (nationalmssociety.org). This means within the Central Nervous System (CNS), the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin – The "fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers" (nationalmssociety.org) – as well as nerve fibers themselves. When the myelin and nerve fibers are damaged, the myelin interferes with nerve conduction. The symptoms of MS relate to this interruption of signaling between

Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. In multiple sclerosis, the immune system of the body attacks the myelin sheath. Myelin is a fatty substance rich in proteins that surrounds, insulates, and protects the nerve as well as helps to speed up nerve transmissions. Neurons are the basic working part of the brain that transmit messages to other nerves in the body. Every neuron in the central nervous system has a cell body and an axon. An axon is the extension of the cell body that carries messages and it is here that myelin plays its role. Myelin is wrapped around the axon for protection and allows for electrical impulses to be transmitted quickly and efficiently. When the body attacks its own tissues and causes a breakdown in the myelin layer, the nerve impulses that are travelling to and from the brain are altered. Impulses are slowed down, distorted from their original manner, or sometimes interrupted entirely. Over time, multiple sclerosis can cause deterioration of the nerve itself. Multiple sclerosis, often referred to as MS, is called “multiple” for the many areas of the brain that are affected and “sclerosis” for the scarring of tissue and lesions that form on the brain and spinal cord.

Multiple Sclerosis is an Autoimmune Disease that attacks the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. Our bodies are made up of neurons that have cell bodies and axons, they help us with speaking, thinking and every other thing our body does. "Myelin" National Multiple Sclerosis Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2017.. says, “Each neuron is made up of a cell body and an axon (the extension of the cell body that carries messages). Most of the axons in the central nervous system are wrapped in myelin, a substance rich in lipids (fatty substances) and proteins.” With MS the myelin is damaged and sometimes gets destroyed completely. MS also affects T-Cells, which are what detects when