Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

The aim of the practical is to investigate the nature of the chromosomal changes or rearrangements in this cancer using FLPTer.

Myelodysplastic disorders (MDS) are conditions that happen when the blood-forming cells within the bone marrow are harmed. This harm prompts low quantities of one or more sorts of platelets. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of diseases of the blood characterized by a defect in the bone marrow that produces abnormally or insufficient blood red, blood cells white and platelets. MDS is also called pre-leukemia because, over time, can develop into leukemia become acute and should not be confused with Myeloproliferative syndromes.

Myelofibrosis is a bone marrow disorder that leads to a disruption of the body’s ability to produce normal healthy blood cells. A rare form of chronic leukemia, the disease often worsens over time and may cause some patients to develop more serious types of leukemia. Conversely, other people have myelofibrosis and go for years without noticing any symptoms.

Polyploidy variation in chromosomal number due to addition of one or more haploid sets of chromosomes.

Low blood counts are a key feature of myelodysplastic syndrome which is the reason for the many symptoms these patients experience. The three types of cytopenia that people with Myelodysplastic Syndrome experience are anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia which are all low blood cell counts of the three blood cells. Cytopenias can cause anemia, the inability to fight off infections, easy bruising, and spontaneous bleeding. This can be due to the lack of blood cells in the blood stream, but also from dysplasia of the blood cells from the disease. If the cell is deformed, it may not be able to provide the same function as a healthy cell, resulting in the same effect as having cytopenia. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a gradual process and is

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells. Many malignancies can mimic MM, however the concomitant existence of another primary malignancy alongside MM is exceedingly rare. We report the first case wherein MM and esophageal adenocarcinoma manifest concomitantly.

Myeloma is a cancerous disease whose cause is plasma cells, which are one of the four major components that make up blood in a human body. Manufacture of the plasma takes place in the bone marrow and the main function of the plasma is help the body fight infections. Multiple myeloma is another name for myeloma in fact it is the more recognized name. The plasma of a healthy human body is responsible for the production of antibodies, which fight disease-causing infections. The plasma of a diseased human body with myeloma causes the uncontrollable multiplication of these plasma cells. The myeloma affects these plasma cells to extent that they start to produce one antibody, which is nonfunctioning

After the death of her husband, and for about three decades there was peace in her life as she stated, she would do the things she loved and was active all the time, but then she noticed different things happening to her. When Jane was 66 years old, she had found out that she was diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma and she already half way through stage one. “They provided me with a medicine named Melphalan, and it was the worst thing ever.” She took Melphalan by pill and it had many side effects including her getting weaker, she had said that she had started losing her appetite. She didn’t let this incurable disease stop her from doing things she

With current developments in science, devices and processes have been created to discover and treat new illnesses. One type of these newly discovered illnesses is Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. These are a form of cancer that is caused by the overproduction of red blood cells. The incidence of MPNs is estimated at 6–10 per 100 000 individuals (Geyer & Orazi, 2016). According to the National Institute of Cancer (2017),these individuals suffer from sharp and excruciating pains in their bones and joints Nonetheless, there are ongoing studies that have been and are being done to find the causes, long term effects, and treatments for the illness (National Cancer Institute (n.d.), 2017).

A 71-year-old male with known multiple myeloma presents to his physician’s office complaining of progressive back pain and increasing fatigue. He has had no diarrhea or vomiting. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma 3 years ago, at which time he was not considered a good candidate for bone marrow transplantation. He was started on chemotherapy with melphalan and prednisone with bortezomib (a proteasome inhibitor) and thalidomide for maintenance. Bisphosphates were given to control bone pathology. The disease has progressed significantly over the past year, with his M-spike increasing fourfold to 12 gm/dL.

Paper chromosomes and die can be used to simulate crossing over during meiosis in anaphase 1. The die were rolled randomly to determine where a crossover would occur. This procedure was repeated 100 times to collect data about the probability of crossovers. The percentage of times “a” was on the same chromosome as b, c, d, e, f, and g was calculated by dividing each result in the first column of the data table by the total number of times “a” was on the same chromosome as b, c, d, e, f and g.

ii. Trisomy 13 mosaicism- When DNA from chromosome 13 is present in some of the cells.

During metaphase if the chromosomes fail to work it is known as nondisjunction this can result in serious clinical consequences. Where cells duplicate the genetic information forming two new cells whereas, nondisjunction forms cells with too many or not enough genetic information. (AngelFIre: Nondisjunction,2012). When a pair of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I, or either the pair of sister chromatids in anaphase II are pulled together towards the same pole, they fail to separate this is known as nondisjunction. When nondisjunction happens during anaphase I, altogether it will result for the altered chromosome two gametes with diploid number and with the missing chromosome two gametes. Whereas in anaphase II, there will be two normal

Recurrent invasive ameloblastoma of the infratemporal fossa is an uncommonly encountered phenomenon in the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery and presents many surgical challenges for the practitioner. This case report will present a patient who underwent previous resection of a mandibular ameloblastoma with multiple recurrences. The patient was diagnosed with a recurrent ameloblastoma of the infratemporal fossa that was subsequently resected and reconstructed using an anterior lateral thigh (ALT) free tissue transfer. There are only few reported cases of recurrent ameloblastomas in the infratemporal fossa and none that describe surgical resection and reconstruction of such a lesion. Due to the uniqueness of the surgical defect an ALT

From table 1 it is observed that normal karyotype is 194 (84%) and abnormal karyotype is 37 (16%), out of which numerical is about 16 (43%), XY female and variants 8 (22%) and structural 13 (35%). The most commonly observed karyotypes were 45,X/46,XX (12/75%) under numerical abnormality, 46,XY female (4/50%) under XY female and variants and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (4/30.7%) and 46,X,i(Xq) (3/23.1%) under structural abnormality.