N Fowleri Consists Of An Amoeba

Most members of the kingdom Fungi lack flagella; the structures are completely absent in all stages of their life cycle. The only

The Naegleria fowleri amoeba resides in lakes, rivers, thermal springs, dirty swimming pool and sometimes soil. The amoebas thrive during the summer months due to the increase of temperature(Shakoor, Beg, and Mahmood 258). Naegleria amoeba infects and targets brain tissue of the central nervous system and the neuromuscular system. The central nervous system is responsible for integrating and responding to neural signals. The nervous system and muscles in the body work together to permit movement called the neuromuscular system. The brain is the main control for integrating sensory neurons and coordinating body functions: voluntary and involuntary. When needed to move a body part, a message is sent to the afferent sensory neurons, which go through the brain and into the spinal cord where the efferent motor neurons send an electrical signal to trigger the muscle to contract. Errors such as sliding of the actin and myosin filaments or failure to release neurotransmitters from the neuron can happen. The infection causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) (Shakoor, Beg, and Mahmood 258).. It cannot be contracted by person-to-person, or by drinking contaminated water. The amoeba enters the body via nose by infected water and/or dust and penetrates the cribriform plate(Shenoy, Wilson, and Prashanth [Page 309]). It travels to the brain by the nerves that transmit olfactory senses and causes PAM. It causes brain tissue damage and inflammation of the brain. The

The girl was 16 years old and got it from swimming in a warm lake in Florida. After getting the amoeba, she died six days later. I was immediately intrigued by this amoeba. The nick name for Neagleria fowleri is the Brain-eating amoeba, because once it enters the brain through an individual’s nose, it causes PAM and causes the person to go brain dead in 4-10 days. The amoeba thrives off warmth, so that means they are found in warm water. These bodies of water include: lakes, ponds and rivers, hot springs or other geothermal water, swimming pools that are not properly cleaned, thermally polluted waters; Tap water, and also moist soil and mud puddles. N.fowleri targets healthy individuals, usually kids from age 2-18. The brain is a perfect source of nutrition’s for an amoeba if the person is

According to the Mayo Clinic Staff, Naegleria Fowleri has extremely negative effects on the human body. It penetrates through the nasal cavity and works to the brain. Once it enters the brain, it begins to eat the tissue. As a response to this,

Trichomonas tenax only has a trophic stage and takes on an oblong shape with four anterior free flagella. There is a fifth flagellum that curves backward along the undulating membrane. There is an accessory filament that runs along the undulating membrane. The costa arises from the kinetosome and the parabasal body lies near the nucleus. An axostyle tube is formed by a sheet of microtubules and has three parts. The anterior portion called the capitulum, the middle part called the trunk, and the posterior regions called the caudal tip. The pelta is made up of microtubules that supports the paraflagellar canal, which is a shallow depression from which all flagella emerge. The trophozoites also contain microbodies also known as the paracostal

The parasite has one or two stages of life cycle in animals including humans, a proliferate form which can be singly or within host cells in small groups or in the other stage which is found intra- or extracellularly, the cyst (Sheffield 2012). In pro life form the organism is surrounded in a two-layered membrane (pellicle), lateral to the nucleus a micropyle in the membrane (Sheffield 2012). Long club like paired organelles posteriorly from the comoid area (a cone shaped structure) is located at the anterior end where the nucleus and golgi zone are in the posterior half of the organism (Sheffield 2012). The cytoplasm is filled with the mitochondrial, granules, vesicles, and ribosomes. (Sheffield

The genus of Pseudonocardia suggested for mycolate-less and nocardioform actinomycetes that had a type IV cell wall. Members of this genus have no motility and their aerial mycelium section to shape chains of straight or zigzag spores. The organisms contain MK-8 (H%) as the main monoquinone and iso-branched hexadecanoic acid as the major fatty acid. The pattern of phospholipids is either type pII or pIII.

Once ingested, the cyst undergoes, excystation (parasites escape cyst) within the stomach and duodenum because of the acids and enzymes present. Each cyst produces two trophozoites, and as they reach the small intestine, begin to multiply rapidly. It is as the trophozoites enter the large intestine that encystation occurs (the process of forming the cyst), due to the presence of neutral pH and secondary bile salts. The cysts then continue toward the colon, exiting in the feces and out into the environment. Although both the trophozoites and cysts are present in the stool, it is the cyst that is the means of transmission of the parasite. The Giardia cysts are resilient forms that have the capability to survive for two months in the environment. This parasite is typically found in freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes, municipal water systems, wells and swimming pools. These fresh bodies of water can harbor Giardia through fecal, human or animal contamination. The cycle then continues as the cysts are once again ingested along with water or food contaminated by infected people, objects or animals. It takes as little as, 10 to 100 cysts, for transmission to occur, which compounds the probability of infection as this parasite is found

Phylum Echinodermata consists of organisms that are invertebrate, thus they lack a backbone and have a simplistic circulatory system, but their respiratory system is versatile with the variety of organs, such as gills (as seen the sea star), tracheas, skin, and book lungs (Hsia 2013). Since Phylum Chordata is more complex than Echinodermata, Chordata has a variety of organs in their organ systems, such as the skin and muscles in the circulatory and respiratory systems (Shu 2003). In order to completely analyze the circulatory and respiratory systems in the phylums Echinodermata and Chordata, organism from each phylum can be thoroughly dissected to expose entire organs and to allow manipulation of the organs. To execute this experiment, several

I would like to mention what Michael Beach, a specialist in recreational water born illnesses for the CDC in Atlanta says and recommend about the present of the amoeba in the lakes and rivers “Because it’s a natural environmental contaminant, it’s unlikely we will ever be able to eliminate it from these lakes and rivers,” therefore “All we can do is reduce risk by avoiding swimming in areas that are very shallow and very warm, by not putting our heads under the water when we’re stirring up sediment, and by closing our noses if we do happen to go underwater.” According to that statement as it comes from most trusted government agency (CDC) in the country, we as Arizona citizen should follow what the best interest for our health in spite of the

A. simplex undergoes five larvae development stage (L1 – L5) before progress to adult. The hosts of A. simplex includes crustaceans, fish or squid and with the ultimate host of marine mammals. Human is the accidental host if raw or uncooked fish with infected A. simplex L3 are eaten as shown by Arlian et al. (2003). Out of the 14,000 cases of anisakiasis reported as at 2002, 95% are came from Japan and about 2,000 cases are reported each

Using certain methods such as electron microscopy, these dinoflagellates were searched on. They were also identified.

Naegleria has 30 different species.Naegleria Fowleri species is a thermo-tolerant ameobaflagellate, which causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS). Children and young adults exposed to polluted fresh water after 1 to 2 days experience PAM. (c)

The African Sleeping Sickness’s causative agent is protozoa which is an eukaryotic organism that is unicellular. Trophozoite is the stage in which there is active,

Microbiological parameters in drinking water treatment include enteric protozoa, bacteria, virus, etc. Cryptosporidium, being a type of enteric protozoa, has caused several outbreaks in the last century. Cryptosporidiosis is the human disease caused by cryptosporidium infection, of which major symptoms are watery diarrhea, stomach pains or cramps and low fever. Between 1974 and 2001, there have been 12 outbreaks that are attributable to cryptosporidium in Canada.4 Between 1984 and 2000, 10 outbreaks were reported to be associated with cryptosporidium in drinking water in the United States.4 The most severe outbreak took place in Milwaukee in 1993 that was associated with 419,000 (estimated) cases of illnesses including watery diarrhea.3