Gynecologic Cancer Essay

She was first seen on November 10, 2103, but this report was intentionally delayed until the results from the endometrial biopsy where obtained.

It is the use of high-powered x-rays that destroy tumor cells. A radiation oncologist is the doctor who specializes in radiation therapy. There are two types of radiation therapy: 1.) external-beam radiation which is given from a machine outside the body and 2.) internal radiation which is given using implants. The external-beam radiation therapy is much more common than internal radiation. It can be directed at the tumor in many ways such as conventional radiation therapy, 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery. Choosing one of these techniques depends on the size and location of the

In addition, Interventional radiologists may sub-specialize further so that they only treat abnormalities of the brain. And the Radiation oncology uses radiation to treat diseases such as cancer, using radiation therapy. These specialists are not called radiologists, but radiation oncologists, even though they belong to the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists. These three fields are alike in that they all use a form of imaging device in order to help them to treat and interpret treatment for the patient. The biggest contrast between the fields of Diagnostic Radiologist, Interventional Radiologist, and Radiation Radiologist is how they use the tools of their trade. Each of the fields will use the imaging devices in a different manner for their treatment of the

HPV screening is accomplished by way of cervical cancer screening. In 2014, the fda approved the first hpv test for primary screening in females ages 25 to 65, however, current national guidelines are for the use of hpv testing to detect oncogenic serotypes, in the presence of an abnormal Pap test CITE 6 3. The current screening recommendations of the American Cancer Society, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, the American Society for Clinical Pathology, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists as well as the U.S. Preventative Task force do not recommend cervical cancer screening for women under the age of 21. Between the ages of 21 and 29, the recommendation is for screening with a

Due to the high incidence of breast and cervical cancer, which continues to rise, the need

Ovarian Cancer is one of the rarest undetected cancer that begins in the ovaries, spreading through the pelvis and the belly. The ovarian cancer is about 3% of cancers among women. It causes one of the most deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. It is not clear on what causes the ovarian cancer, but it can be one of the deadliest cancer of all. Females are more at risk of getting ovarian cancer as they age. Ovarian Cancer is more common in women of age 55; women who take a menopausal hormone therapy may also have a higher risk for creating ovarian cancer.

The low survival rate has many things in common with ovarian cancers later stages' diag-nosis. Recently, more attempts have been made to keep the process of ovarian cancer from occur-ring in the human body. For example: The commonly used product of Johnson and Johnson Tal-cum Powder has been inspected for resources that can cause this disease. The cancer occurs for many when the talc powder enters the vagina. A lawsuit due to this mishap was filed in and na-tionally looked upon in 2014 (www.drugwatch.com). Furthermore, the survival rate has indeed increased over 20% recently due to individuals being more informed about products and bettered treatments. “Only 10% of ovarian cancers start because of germ cells and the rupture of sex cells”

Vaginal cancer can best be described as a disease in which malignant cells form in the vagina. Since vaginal cancer is not common there are two common types; squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma . When the cancer is found in the early stages it can be cured. It is also a very rare type of cancer that only around 260 cases are diagnosed in the UK every year. Only women can contract this disease and the survival for stage I is 84%, stage II is 75%, and stage III and IV is 57%.

Cervical cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the cervix or cervix uteri. Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide with over 527,000 new cases 1,2 and perhaps the second most common cancer among women in the third world countries 3-5 It accounts for 9% of the total new cancer cases and 8% (more than 265,000) of the total cancer deaths among females.1,2 More than 80% of these cases and deaths occur in developing countries.1-4

Radiotherapy was arranged with devoted registered tomography (CT) and three-dimensional arranging frameworks; conformal radiotherapy was conveyed with straight quickening agents with ostensible vitality of 6 MV or more, and quality affirmation was performed by method for individual case audits. 21 Attendant chemotherapy comprised of temozolomide (advertised as Temodal in Europe and Canada and Temodar in the United States; Schering- Furrow) at a measurement of 75 mg for each square meter per day, given 7 days for every week from the first day of radiotherapy until the most recent day of radiotherapy, however for no more than 49 days. Following a 4-week break, patients were then to get up to six cycles of adjuvant temozolomide as indicated by the standard 5-day calendar at regular intervals. The dosage was 150 mg for each square meter for the first cycle and was expanded to 200 mg for every square meter starting with the second cycle, inasmuch as there were no hematologic lethal

For this study the limitations were that, the V50 doses had to be manually measured with a cursor on the dose volume histograms. This made it difficult to place the cursor perfectly on 50%. Some plans for certain patients had a higher Dmax compared to other patients as the volumes for each patient differ due to anatomy differences and volume differences to get the 95% of the prescribed dose to cover the target volume. Each patient’s target volumes where drew in differently as the patients anatomy differs and different radiation oncologists drew volumes differently. Depending on how the PTV’s were drawn in would affect the amount of dose to the OAR, as the OAR’s might fall into the volume. Each patient’s anatomy and tumour

The tumor is located using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests and marked on the patient's body. (American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) n.d). The patient will often be fitted into an exact and reproducible position to avoid the tumor moving out of the beam. (Proton Therapy Center, n. d.). Once transported to the gantry using an automatic transport system the treatment is delivered in the Gantry where the protons leave the cyclotron and magnets direct them to the tumor. (Scripps 2013). The number of treatment sessions depends on the type and stage of the cancer.

The advancement of medicines and technology is reflected in ovarian cancer, which it would be no longer considered as a type of cancer. Ovarian Cancer has several types and identifying it exactly requires the skill of experienced physicians. Radium Cancer Hospital holds highly skilled pathologists, experienced in making correct diagnosis to treat the particular type of cancer. Here is why, it is necessary to select a renowned cancer team dedicated to treat all types of ovarian cancer. We are one of the leading women’s cancer centers in India. Our researchers and pathologists are capable in diagnosing ovarian cancers that includes epithelial, germ cell, primary peritoneal carcinoma, and sex cord stromal.

In 2007, it is predicted that almost 1.5 million people will be diagnosed with cancer in the United States (Pickle et al., 2007). More than half of these cancer patients will undergo the use of radiation as a means for treating cancer at some point during the course of their disease (Perez and Brady, 1998). Cancer, a disease caused by an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells, affects millions of people around the world. Radiotherapy is one of the well known various methods used to treat cancer, where high powered rays are aimed directly at the tumor from the outside of the body as external radiation or an instrument is surgically placed inside the body producing a result of internal radiation. Radiation is delivered to the cancerous regions of the body to damage and destroy the cells in that area, terminating the rapid growth and division of the cells. Radiation therapy has been used by medicine as a treatment for cancer from the beginning of the twentieth century, with its earliest beginnings coming from the discovery of x-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen. With the advancements in physics and computer programming, radiation had greatly evolved towards the end of the twentieth century and made the radiation treatment more effective. Radiation therapy is a curative treatment approach for cancer because it is successful in killing cancerous tumor cells and stop them from regenerating.

Conventional CT scans are used to shape the place where a dose of radiation needs to be concentrated in to attack a tumor without damaging any healthy tissue around that area. The scan and treatment cannot be done at the same time due to interference with each other. But there is no interference problems with the field-emission X-rays, they can be used to take high-resolution images while the treatment is starting, which means those who are administering the treatment will automatically know when to continue and stop (The Economist).