NIBIN And IAFIS Research Paper

FBI is one of the important scientific generalist that includes extensive reference collection of files like National Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), National Motor Vehicles Certificate of Title file, etc to solve crime. Certification and accreditation are two important regulation processes that have been implementing in forensic science. During the process of investigation, FBI highly recommend not to send specimen if it takes more than 24 hrs. The Supreme Court of California in 1946 rules stated, “Finger prints are the strongest evidence to prove the identity of a person.”

According to Chapter four, how has Native American Religion become a commodity? What does Sutler-Cohen mean when she says “You can own Grandmas songs”? Is there a cost to both native and non-native communities as a result of the practice of corporate Shamanism? Please be specific and cite examples from the reading.

They take what they know about an unknown suspect and his actions and try to generate additional information (Grabianowski).

The initial step to being booked is with the individual being searched for any type of weapons that can hurt themselves, or others. They are also searched to make sure that they are not bringing any type of contraband into the facility. This is normally drugs. Once the individual has been searched they are given jail issued clothing and their personal property is taken from them. During the booking process, individuals identity and fingerprints are taken. The individual’s fingerprints then are sent to the state and the FBI. This is done to make sure that the individual does not have any outstanding holds or warrants from other counties or states. Next, the individual that is being booked will have their picture taken and submitted to the state and the FBI database. DNA has helped many cases when they go to trial. Some police departments will collect DNA, by swabbing an individual’s mouth and send it to a lab for processing. “Ultimately the DNA will be entered into the FBI’s CODIS database or Combined DNA Index System” Wright, 2012). The system was designed to share information across the Unites States. It has helped prosecutors with solving crimes that involved with DNA being left at the scene. The individual that has been arrested is asked a series of questions about themselves. During the intake process, a trained medical staff member will record the individual’s medical history, family background and employment. It is important to record an individual’s medical history just in case they have a serious medical issue that needs attention or supervision while they are in custody. The defendant’s criminal history is looked at and recorded for safety measures within the facility. It is important to know if an individual is a high risk or gang related. Once the individual has been categorized they are then housed accordingly to ensure

It will also be used by criminologist at a greater level to study crime in the United States. Nearly 6,000 law enforcement agencies submit the data in 35 different states. The FBI is working with the Department of Justice in order to make sure all police agencies facilitate in participation. The goal for the NIBRS is to become the new standard for law enforcement to report crime data to the FBI.

DNA Fingerprinting, also known as DNA Profiling, is a method used to identify a person using DNA patterns that are specific to him/her. 99.9% of DNA is identical in every human being, but .01% is enough to distinguish between people. It is most commonly used in criminal cases to link a criminal to his/her crime scene, but is also used for paternity/maternity tests, and immigration records. Usually a skin, hair, or body fluid sample is collected from a crime scene or criminal or test candidate, then DNA is extracted and cut using enzymes that recognize patterns in DNA and run through a gel by an electric current in a process called electrophoresis (Annely).

The automated Fingerprint Identification System is also known as the AFIS within the law enforcement division (FBI, 2010). This system is an important element in the criminal justice system as some of its features encompass the storing of data, encoding, and fingerprint and facial comparison through graphics and other techniques. Law officials many centuries ago in the pursuit of positively identifying someone suspected of guilt have long used fingerprints techniques. Fingerprinting is also used in branches of our government, and in the Pentagon, the authentication method of fingerprints is used permit access to specified zones inside the building. Fingerprints are an effective and very precise method of identification purposes that does not pose

“From databases and daily intelligence reports, to providing ‘eyes-on’ to your globally mobile populations, our comprehensive medical and security intelligence tools monitor global security and health threats, track your travelers in real-time, manage outbound communications and step in with on-the-ground support, whenever it is needed.

Law Enforcement keep notes on arrests that have founded people innocent of crimes, and retention of an innocent person's DNA can be charge or otherwise, seen as a invasion of that person’s privacy and civil liberties. Dr. Alec Jeffrey, a former professor at the University of Leicester laboratory, consulted with his lawyers to develop the new type of technique called DNA profiling. His technique would prove that DNA fingerprinting (profiling) can individualize evidence compared to the blood typing. DNA profiling compares 13 standard STRs to form a profile. The analysis used by the scientists, uses PCR and STRs to profile an individual. It is highly unlike that two individuals’ identical numbers of repeats for all 13 STRs, will match, which DNA fails is hardly never due to a successful match of 385 million to 1. This makes DNA profiling the most accurate tool in Forensics.

The Combined DNA Index System or CODIS is defined as a program used by the FBI which stores DNA data on a national level. As such, CODIS combines science and computer technology creating an avenue enabling federal, local, and state law enforcement agencies to connect violent crimes by electronically exchanging and comparing the DNA profiles of offenders, thus providing possible connections to other crimes committed and associations with other known

In 2009 the Air Force, in accordance with DoD Instruction 8320.04, Item Unique Identification for Tangible Personal Property, began marking legacy Class VII and Class IX items with UIIs. To date, the Air Force has marked more than 3.1M items, received tens of thousands of OEM marked items, implemented Automatic Identification Technology (AIT) and taken steps toward improving Air Force legacy IT systems enabling them to receive, store and make available transactional data to Air Force stakeholders. Despite these efforts and their related investments, the Air Force has yet to realize a benefit of implementing IUID.

In the future, automation of forensic instrumentation will bring numerous changes to the laboratories. Due to facilities focusing on solving violent crimes, lab sections such as DNA, digital forensics, and drug analysis will continue to increase. The "forensics DNA Portocals can be expected to become more rapid and sensitive and provide stronger investigative potential" (Butler 2015). Forensic DNA plays a vital role with the crimical justice community around the world, by conviction of the guilty and exoneration of the innocent. Forensic DNA was introduced into laborotories during the mid 1980's. It helped identify the remains of missing people and victims that were mass disasters by linking reference samples. Due to DNA being introduced to

Furthermore, in criminal justice cases computerized systems are used to find matches locally, state-wide, and nationally. Also, whom ever does the fingerprint examinations must have proper training and can be done by technicians, forensic

The importance of fingerprinting is that it can link a criminal to a crime scene and identify them as the suspect of that crime. The history of fingerprinting began in 1641 where Nehemiah grew studied the fingerprint and was the first to accurately describe the patterns within the fingerprint. The first system formed is the henry system. Sir Edward henry system was used by many English speaking countries. In the henry system the primary focus when examining a print was the whorl pattern. This was done by the eye. The newer systems that many crime labs use is called the automated fingerprint identification system(AFIS). AFIS uses three steps. The first step is data acquisition. The second step is feature extraction. This step points out features

In most cases these INTs community compete among each other to provide needed intelligence information to policy makers to justify their budgetary allocations (Lowenthal, 2014). However, intelligence collection can be divided into five main categories referred to as “intelligence collection disciplines” or the “INTs”. These include Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Signals Intelligence