Creating an implantable device, such as the Nachsicht, requires that all constituents be biocompatible, and cause little or no foreign body response once implanted. In order to determine the best design and material usage for the device, the structure and property of tissues in the eye were examined. Figure 1. The fibrous, vascular, and retinal tissue of the human eyeball. (McGraw-Hill)
There are three layers of tissues (Figure 1), or tunics, in the eye known as the fibrous layer, the vascular layer, and the retina, or neural layer (Anglin). The fibrous layer serves as the protection for the eyeball. The vascular layer controls the amount of light entering—regulated by the iris as previously mentioned. The retina acts as a portal that communicates with the brain to create sight. Since the objective of the Nachsicht is to control the light received, the device would be implanted into the vascular layer. The vascular tunic of the eye contains the internal mechanical functions. To house these roles, the layer called the uvea requires tissue that can provide ample nutrients while acting as a support structure (Grau). This tissue
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A single layer of graphene does not create significant photoresponsivity, however, with two layers and a tunnel barrier in between, the top layer becomes electrically charged and transfers this response to the bottom layer as seen in Figure 2. This anomaly is known as a photogating effect and it produces a unique photoresponsivity over an extensive spectral range (Zhong 1). It is capable of absorbing 2.3% of white light in just one layer of graphene. The charge that it creates in the top layer is amplified and these charged electrons tunnel through the insulating barrier performing a quantum tunneling effect. This ultimately makes the light originally projected be perceived brighter by the user of the
A.accommodation B.the concentration of cones in the fovea C.chemical structure of the vitreous humor D.the prevalence of amacrine cells in the
Water uptake capacity of NCs enables them to entrap exudates upon contact with suppurating wounds which is desirable for their effectiveness as wound dressings. The increase in size and agglomeration of AgNPs from NC-1 to NC-3 might have resulted in more blockages of pores of CNCs which could be responsible for a decrease in water uptake capacity of NC-2 and NC-3 as compared to NC-1.
Modelling of the series transformer, VSC and LC filter is presented in this section. A time-varying threephase
1-14 Bellringer 2: Incandescent bulbs give off a warm glow. The researchers created a bulb that still had filament in the center, but was surrounded with a new kind of filter that sits around the filament.
The purpose of this lab was to identify unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests, and my unknown bacteria is #17. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were Gram stain, Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Blood Agar, Novobiocin, Coagulase, and DNAse (Alachi, 2007).
The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in
The tapetum lucidum, reflects with constructive interference allowing it to increase the quality of light to pass through the retina. For example, on a cat the tapetum lucidum lowers the minimum threshold of vision 6-fold, empowering the cat to see light that is invisible to the human.
Results This study benefitted from a dynamic FE code to investigate the stresses and deformations in the human eye components due to IOP variations. To do this, three different IOPs, including 10, 20, and 30 mmHg, were imposed in the aqueous and its effects on the other components of the human eye were deeply assessed. A comparative histogram representation of the von Mises stress on the (a) cornea and (b) lens at various IOPs is indicated in Figure 2. The distribution of principal stresses through the center of the cornea indicates the peak stress value of 247.25 kPa in the corneal apex at the IOP of 30 mmHg.
Endothelium is the last layer of the cornea, small, thin and flat layer of cells, the functional of endothelium is to remove the excess fluid which enters into the stroma, and this function is to keep the cornea clear. If the cells are damaged not able to recover the cells back. [4]
The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye. It is smooth, clear and referred to as the window of the eye, because the cornea allows light to pass through to the eye. The cornea also helps to shield the eye from harmful matter, such as dust and germs. It is responsible for about 65 percent of focusing power for the eye. When light enters through the cornea, it bends and refocuses the light to the retina, which begins translating the light into vision. In order to see clearly, the light rays must be precisely focused when going from the cornea into the retina. An rregular corneal surface is common and may be caused by a number of different reasons, such as genetically inherited, injury, disease or natural occurrences.
2. (5 pts) List and explain the names and affiliations of the various characters/stakeholders in this story – I’m looking for us to use the story to map out the complexities that are generally associated with solving public health puzzles – the stakeholders you list and explain here should apply to many of the cases we consider going forward.
Fluid circulating inside the front portion of the eye is produced by a structure called the ciliary body, which is located behind the iris. This fluid moves through the opening of the pupil, passes into the space between the iris and the cornea, and drains out of the eye through a tissue called the angle. With glaucoma, the passing of fluid
glaucoma 3 is a disease that leads to vision loss. This vision loss is due to an increase in intraocular pressure due to a greater secretion rate of aqueous humor than the drainage rate in the chambers in the eye.This increased intraocular pressure builds up in the eye leading to damage of nerve fibers and blood vessels, damaging the optical nerve. the two main types of glaucoma are open angle glaucoma (a slow build up in blockage) and angle closure glaucoma ( rapid/sudden blockage), both are caused by blockage at the trabecular meshwork (location of drainage). The aqueous humor is a transparent gelatin that creates the pressure in the eye of a glaucoma patient, it is used to transport nutritional substances, immunological substances, and is used to give the eye its globe shape. The aqueous humor enters the eye’s posterior chamber through the ciliary body into the posterior chamber (between iris and lense) then goes through the pupil into the anterior chamber (between the iris and the cornea) and drains out through the trabecular meshwork (filter-like tissue).
In the native cornea, the proteoglycans containing chondroitin sulfate chains plays an important role on regulating collagen size and inter-fibrillar spacing [43]. In this ex vivo model, KC corneas have larger inter-fibrillar spacing and fibril diameter, which could be attributed to the degradation of chondroitin sulfate chains via enzymatic action, thus weakening inter- and intra-fibrillar collagen binding. The loss of inter-fibrillar collagen binding results in lower collagen fibrillar density. Meanwhile, the weakened intra-fibrillar collagen binding causes loosening of the tight packing in individual collagen fibrils, thereby changing the collagen fibril diameter distribution. ECM treatment restored the fibril density and altered the fibril diameter distribution. Treatment with different ECM groups (COR, CART, LN) resulted in different fibril sizes and density distributions. The differences observed after treatment could potentially be attributed to the varying biological components in the tissues from which the ECMs were extracted. While dissimilar in the ultrastructures produced, all ECM treatment groups restored mechanical properties of the cornea equally.