Name: Subodh Dhakal,. Id: 3165772,. History # 1301,. Section:

The 18th century can be marked as a period of internal and external struggle for the American colonists. From improper representation, to unfair taxes, such as the Stamp Act, to being overall abused by Britain, the colonists were justifiably angry. From this anger, the slogan “No taxation without representation” was born and quickly began to emerge from the lips of almost every colonist all across America. The demand from colonists everywhere for no taxation without representation weighed heavily as a symbol for democracy, as it revealed the mindset of many – Britain was using the hardworking colonists and took their money without even giving them a say – and laid the foundation for the American revolutionary war, allowing more arguments and

In 1764, the irritated Americans, who failed to persuade the British government to give their provincial assemblies the same intrinsic rights as the House of Commons in England, turned the tide of the debate on the meaning of representation. The Americans were angry at the British for taxing them without letting them have a representative of their own at the Parliament, who could stand for their political interests. Instead of seeking for a compromise, the British offered the Americans a ridiculing notion known as virtual representation in which the august body, that had no direct contact with the colonists, "virtually" represented its subjects' interests. At this critical point, Americans were not intending to step back.

Many Englishmen held their own opinions of these, including Soame Jenyns, a member of Parliament from 1741-1780. Jenyns wrote a pamphlet entitled The Objections to the Taxation of our American Colonies by the Legislature of Great Britain, briefly consider?d. The excerpt in the text argues for Parliament?s right to tax the colonies and discusses briefly the theory of virtual representation. He begins by censuring those questioning the jurisdiction of Parliament:

Virtual Representation has been a topic of the colonial era for a great time. During this time the British gave the colonists’ no actual representation in parliament but claimed that they were “virtually

After the Boston Tea Party, the British Parliament passed a series of laws called the Intolerable Acts (Document 5). The Intolerable Acts closed the port of Boston until the colonists could pay for all of the tea they had thrown overboard. They also banned town meetings and had all British officials accused of committing crimes sent to Britain for their trial. The law that annoyed the colonists the most was the Quartering Act. This allowed british troops to stay in the colonists homes.

The colonists didn’t want to be told what tea they could buy. All of that is what drove a group called the Sons of Liberty’s members to dress like Native Americans on December 16, 1773, and they went on three ships that came to Boston Harbor to import Tea, and they threw 342 boxes of Tea overboard. When the Tea Act had passed, it pressed that there were no new taxes on the American colonies. But after all of that happened, parliament got angered about the Boston Tea Party as well as other destruction of British property. So, in response, they created the Intolerable Acts the year after.

The Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, were a series of British measures passed in 1774 designed to punish Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party. The Intolerable Acts were the cause for the American War for Independence because the colonists felt they were being controlled with the implement of vigorous policies in the American colonies. The Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, the Act for the Impartial Administration of Justice, the Quebec Act, and the Quartering Act were all passed as a retaliation to the Boston Tea Party and gave colonists the right to react. The Boston Port Act angered the colonists the most, the Act closed the Boston harbor to all shipping until the town had compensated the Dutch East India Company for the destruction of its tea and assured the King of it’s future loyalty.

The Intolerable Acts, without a doubt, caused the most unrest in the colonies, therefore provoking the start of the American Revolution. In 1774, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in reaction to the Boston Tea Party, where the Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and smashed 340 chests of tea and dumped it all into the Boston Harbor. The Coercive Acts were called the Intolerable Acts by the colonists because they felt that they could not tolerate these new laws. Firstly, the British suspended all Massachusetts town meetings and the Massachusetts legislature, basically putting the colony under military rule.

For a better part of the eighteenth century, the American colonists expressed vexation and disapproval of the "coercive " acts, which the British Government perpetrated on the colony through series of legislative acts by the British Parliament. Prior to the acts that the colonists in America termed as atrocious and oppressive, they were willing to cooperate and reaffirm loyalty to the King of England. Some of the legislations and declarations that colonists participated in was the sustenance of British soldiers in the colony, payment of import tariffs and other forms of taxes to support the British central government. These are but a few, the reasons as to why colonists objected to the mode of British rule in America. Another concern was the "Rights violations" by the English government regarding economic progress and representation. Because of these grievances, British colonists in America stepped up agitation through violation of the "tyrannical" Acts and petitions through the Continental Congress. The essay explores the grievances that Colonists in America held against the British government, in riposte to "My Dear America Cousin" letter.

The rebellion’s successfulness is a product of the results achieved by those taking a stand. In response to the colonists’ defiant actions, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts (Wallace 1). The Intolerable Acts included the Boston Port Act. This bill “shut off the city’s sea trade” (“Boston Tea Party”). This act would hold strong until the colony paid its debt to the British East India Company. The Boston Port Act greatly burdened the colony and resulted with the additional twelve colonies sending supplies to Boston in an effort to provide assistance (“The Intolerable Acts”). The Intolerable Acts also included the Massachusetts Government Act. This act declared the government of the colony to be unfit, unqualified and in need of improvement (“The Intolerable Acts”). This rebellion was the first reaction leading to the Revolutionary War. The Revolutionary War began

The Americans leaders felt that representation with actual legislators seated and voting in London was the best way to be represented and taxed fairly. However, Great Britain supported the concept of virtual representation for the American colonies as well as its citizens still in the country. This was based on the certainty that an affiliate of Parliament represented every person in the empire. This lead to the simple ideas that they can tax the colonies because they had representation even though no one from the colonies were actually present during the meetings. This had been happening long before the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act but the issue was not unreasonable until the Tea Act was established. The government that was supposed to be helping

Kept House of Burgesses (reps)  elected by colony people BUT rules passed there now must be approved by royal bureaucrats & now all free men could vote  more voting power than England

Soame Jenyns, a writer and a supporter of Parliament since 1741 to 1780, was a associate of Board of Plantations and Trade when he transcribes this note. In his passage, he makes a statement on the situation of Parliament's being factual to tax colonies, and federations momentarily the philosophy of virtual illustration. 3. In the years among the close of the Indian and French War and battles 1763-1775, at Concord and Lexington, colonies and the nation discussed the precise of Parliament to establish on behalf of the colonies. 2. This is claimed by the British that Parliament thought this right was deprived of the query while colonies maintained that only a form which they essentially selected could tax them.

For centuries, the British had continuously aggravated relations with the United States through the enactment of the Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act, virtual representation, and several other injustices to American freedom; correspondingly, the Declaration of Independence was passed to assure national rights and denounce the king’s violation of those rights, thereby preserving the concept of E Pluribus Unum by maintaining continuity in the emergence of one common ideal: liberty. For instance, amidst the turmoil of

In addition, the British did not consider those living in their colonies, or in other colonies, as citizens who should be represented in the British Parliament. Therefore, the colonist’s people’s demands were disregarded. For example, even though the colonies wanted full rights as British citizens, the British refused to do so. Thus, the colonies had less political power compared to the people in Europe. In addition, since the British were not able to agree to the colonist’s prime demand, the colonies developed a separate and unique “American” identity. Therefore, over a period of time, colonists went from viewing themselves