Nanofiber Case Study

Nano-composite plastics and carbon nanotubes have been utilized for industrial and consumer packaging, the later offering an improved packaging solution for electronics components by making the materials used lighter and stronger. Nano-porous silica is a high porous, low-density solid material that supports various temperatures making it a great insulation product that can be applied in a wide range of fields from pipe insulation to refrigerators and even microelectronics. Nanoparticle based colloids are employed in the manufacturing of sunscreens, paints, and printer inks and nano-coatings can be applied in order to obtain scratch resistant surfaces. Composite nano-materials can be considered the basis for all the other current and future commercial applications of nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology can be broadly categorized under Molecular manufacturing (MM), which will be a significant breakthrough, comparable perhaps to the Industrial Revolution—but compressed into a few years. This technology exists in nearly every conceivable application at the tiniest levels. Everything from harder car bumpers to odor

Graphene is a form of carbon which has recently been receiving a great deal of attention. Some have come to call it “the wonder material” due to its many extraordinary properties. Although isolated in 2004, graphene's properties had been calculated decades earlier. It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. A single sheet of graphene is stronger than steel and yet remains very flexible, retaining all of its properties despite being bent and unbent multiple times. It is able to sustain extremely high electric current densities, is impermeable to all gasses, has a thermal conductivity double that of diamond and a very high electron mobility at room temperature. It is also easily chemically functionalized,

Graphene is pure carbon in the form of a very thin, nearly transparent sheet, one at6om thick. It has been hailed as a miracle material because of its low weight, high strength and high electrical and heat conductivity. Since 2004, the graphene market has risen and with the potential for future application could be a multibillion dollar business. Graphene has been planned to replace conductors and also replace catalysts in enzyme immobilisation. Graphene can be manufactured in ways that are low-cost and high-return.

As a powerful and flexible membrane, graphene offers basic INFI infinite possibilities of the carbon chain modifi cation or function. Graphite oxide (GO) provides a potential CMG ton scale production. First, nearly 150 years ago, has become the potential [GO precursor provides a graphene based material mass production and cost-effective.

The development and application of nanomaterials has allowed society and the environment to benefit in many ways. Nanomaterials are three-dimensional objects that have one of their dimensions in the range of 1-100nm. They can exist in nature or be created from pre-existing materials. Their exceptionally small size means that nanomaterials possess unique physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics that might otherwise not exist with the same materials on a larger scale. In some cases, nanomaterials have enhanced properties of the original material. Research and development into nanotechnology has given rise to a whole new variety of scientific applications, rendering previously impossible tasks possible. The engineering of

The first ever recorded history of graphene occurred in 1859 where Benjamin Brodie mixed graphite with strong acids (Geim, 2012). He thought that he found a new allotrope (structure) of carbon. However, we now know that instead of finding a new allotrope of carbon, he found graphene oxide (Geim). In 1962, German chemist Hanns-Peter Boehm picked up where Brodie left off and produced a residue of graphene oxide which is now known as graphene. They then introduced the term ‘graphene’ for the first time in history. He gave the name graphene based on the combination of graphite, its raw material, and the suffix -ene to signify its aromatic hydrocarbon characteristics (Geim). However, it was Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov who made a big hit through their paper in graphene. These scientists from Manchester University discovered graphene through an unorthodox method. In the book “Graphene: Fundamentals and emergent applications,” Jamie H. Warner (2012) stated that how these scientists used a scotch tape to discover graphene. They started off with graphite of a pencil, and started removing layers after layers until they were left with a single layer of graphite called graphene. For their ingenious yet simple technique, they were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for their “groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene” (Warner).

1c). A few functional groups such as C-O, C=C, and –OH were present on the surface of Ag@C-nanowires and would be useful for linking other organic molecules with diverse functions and thus can provide good compatibility between the Ag@C-nanowires and the PVDF matrix. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for further confirming the surface composition of the Ag@C-nanowires. Fig. 1d shows the Raman spectrum of the as-prepared Ag@C-nanowires, in which the two strong peaks at 1378 and 1597 cm-1 can be attributed to the in-plane vibrations of disordered amorphous carbon and crystalline graphite, respectively, indicating the formation of a carbonized layer. This carbon-based layer might have originated from polymerization, aromatization, and carbonization of glucose, based on previous studies demonstrating that the hydrothermal process enables glucose to carbonize in the temperature rage 140–160 °C. Besides the two peaks corresponding to amorphous and graphic carbon, the curve showed one broad peak at 2935 cm-1, attributed to the asymmetric stretching vibration of -CH- in the skeletal chain of glucose. A minor peak at 230 cm-1 attributed to the Ag–O stretching vibrations, confirming the coordination of glucose molecule to the Ag surface through nonbonding electrons of the oxygen atom in the carbonyl functionality. These results unambiguously show that glucose is carbonized and closely

Nanoscience is the branch of science which studies the phenomena on materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where the properties can differ very much from that of bulk materials. Nanoparticles are like a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. Despite of its size, the bulk materials possess constant physical properties. But at nano-scale size dependent properties are generally observed. Hence in general the properties of materials change as their size approaches the nanoscale which are far different from those of their bulk counterparts. Nanotechnology comprises the technological applications of nanoscience, which includes the synthesis, design, characterization and application of structures,

Structural defects which are inevitable during the production, chemical and heat treatment processes can affect the mechanical properties of graphene and also defects can be deliberately introduced in graphene by ion beam irradiation to get required properties for specific applications. So, understanding the effect of defects on mechanical properties and failure behaviours of a graphene sheet is important for its applications. In this work, the effects of linear and angular orientation of different types of Stone-Thrower-Wales (STW-1 and STW-2) defects on the mechanical properties and failure behaviour of graphene membrane have been investigated in the frame of molecular dynamics. This work discussing about tuneable mechanical properties by amending the linear orientation of STW-1 and STW-2 defects at different angles in zigzag direction and armchair direction respectively. The results obtained from the present work may provide the insights in tailoring the mechanical properties by preparing defects in graphene, and give a full picture for the applications of graphene with defects in flexible electronics and nanodevices.

The transition from micro-particles to nano-particles opened a window to colossal changes in properties of the materials. Nanomaterials show novel characteristics that make them feasible for the improvement and development of new technologies. Thereby, nanostructures enclose a great potential for application in fields like electronics, optoelectronics, magnetic storage, tribology, and biomedicine [1]. Practical adaptation of nanoparticles for specific applications frequently requires complex designs.

With advances in the scientific world, graphene was finally able to be observed through the transmission electron microscope. At first, it was a few layers of graphene, but eventually G. Ruess and F. Vogt was able to observe a single layer of graphene. In 1962, Chemist Hanns-Peter Boehm also observed graphene under an electron microscope. However, no one at that point of time knew how to extract out graphene as whenever they tried isolating or creating it; graphene always interacts with the surface and hence results in its properties being able to be measured accurately. Interestingly, despite all of this research and testing, no one actually termed the word “graphene”. It was only in 1994, after about 30 years since Boehm and his team isolated and identified graphene that he authored the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry that formally defines that these single layer carbon atoms were termed “graphene”, following the -ene suffix used for fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Hanns-Peter Boehm, 1994) (4).

Nanotechnology is the interdisciplinary science which strives to make processes or modular units functional on a nanoscale dimension (1 x 10-9 metres) for scientific and industrial use (Hempelmann, Natter, Wolff, 2014, pg. 8). This recent field of science first practised only 35 years ago, has redefined modern science as it is today; through fields such as engineering, chemistry, physics and biology (nano.gov, 2016). Uniquely, in comparison to other disciplines of science, nanotechnology is particularly useful in solving modern day problems, which, sufficed to say, have only augmented to that of major concern in the past 50 years. The most significant of these problems concern clean renewable energy.

Nanoscience involves a study of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, of which at least one of the dimensions is in 1-100 nm range. Over the past two decades, nanomaterials have been a topic of both scientific and technological interest2. Due to their compact dimension and enlarged surface area, these materials possess new physical and

In recent years TiO2 has been widely used for preparation of various and varying types of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires as well as nanoporous TiO2 containing materials.[3] Regardless of its scale Titanium Oxide maintains its photocatalytic activity. Nanoscale TiO2 has an advantage of being surface reactive that fosters its interactions with biological molecules, such as phosphorylated proteins and peptides [4] as well as nonspecific binding with DNA [5].