Nanotechnology: What are Carbon Nanotubes? Essay

2. The carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shells, its electrons will readily form a covalent bond, it will readily bond with other carbon atoms, and will also share more than one electron with other atoms are three characteristics of the carbon atom that are important in forming organic compounds.

The use of nano-materials and extreme precision micro-engineering has the potential for great improvement in the world of electronics and information technology by providing smaller, faster, and more powerful computers and this has been at the forefront of the nanotechnology commercialization . Great examples of how nanotechnology is currently being used in these fields are products such as processors, data storage, and memory components made with nano-materials, TVs, monitors and even smartphone screens that use organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), and waterproof electronics such as smartphones due to the application of nano-coatings

There are 3 types of metals for electricity conducting: metallic conductor, semiconductor, and superconductor. Metallic conductors allow the free flow of ions and electrons through a sample; and its conductivity decreases as the temperature increases.

Copper is basic element with the sign on the periodic Cu. Copper is one of best conductors of all metals. It is second only to silver in its conductivity. “Its abundance tied the world together in telecommunication,” (Wojes par. 1); it has tied us together in communication because it is used in most electronic devices such as cell phones and televisions, allowing us to power them and communicate with each other almost instantly. It is also used in jewelery, architecture, and plumbing.

Jaglinski, T., et al. “Composite Materials with Viscoelastic Stiffness Greater than Diamond.” Science, vol. 315, no. 5812, 2007, pp. 620–622., www.jstor.org/stable/20038881.

A good conductor of heat would be metal, because electrons are free to bounce around and move very fast, while non-metals such as fibers, spun glass and other dense material restricts the free flow of electrons, making them slow.

Copper is a reddish colour, malleable, ductile and an extremely good conductor of heat and electricity.

2a) Many characteristics allows carbon to be the base of biological molecules. Due to the four valance electrons carbon can bond with up to four other electrons in covalent bonds. This allows carbon to become the central point for many macromolecules. Carbon is also relatively small in size and is readily available on Earth. Carbon can also bin to other carbon atoms and can make single, double, or triple bonds. Due to this, long strings of carbon atoms can be created with seemingly no limit. The carbon-carbon bonds easily allow similar macromolecules with different functional groups. The shape of carbon-based macromolecules also easily vary. Shapes such as chains, rings, and branches are commonplace. With variance of shape, carbon can be the base for isomers; molecules with the same formula but different structures. Carbon is the only element on the periodic table that uniquely has all these characteristics.

substance 1 had a melting point below 100oc due to the weak intermolecular forces between the molecules, these forces were able to separate when heat below 100oc was added to them (ref). The substance did not conduct electricity in any form, however it was noted during the experiment that both probes could not reach the substance, so the conductivity results were disregarded for substance 1. From the low melting point, it was presumed that

Also, it has hole transporting characteristics and shows good conductivities of up to 1000 S/cm [10,11].

Nanotechnology is the development of atoms in a certain object. Nanotechnology has become very popular in the past few years. It is a way to rebuild the systems of life. To make systems move faster than ever before. Nanometer is about 10 times the size of an atom. Each of these has a huge effect on a system. Still there are questions out there that keep people wondering how important nanotechnology is to us. Many wonder how will it affect them and if we should continue this research. I myself wondered about nanotechnology. After researching this topic I have learned new and interesting facts to help me understand the entire concept.

The Quantum Free Electron predicts that scattering causes electrons to drop back down in Energy. Which means that as the temperature goes down the stability of the electrons will increase; also the amount of electron which can jump into a higher level will decrease thus more stability in the atom. This means better conductivity in lower temperatures. So when the temperature increases, it will cause vibrations that change the lattice, and the lower level electron will get excited to move into a higher level which causes instability in the element. Thus, the conductivity will decrease.

in all directions and lose energy in form of heat. This is known as friction.

Chemically modified graphene, or CMG, is graphene with other elements attached to its lattice. Such elements are often metals or a form of silicon, and serve to affect some property of the graphene and make it

The outer shell of electrons that orbit the nucleus of an atom is called the valance shell. This is what makes a copper atom conduct. For a copper atom the number of electrons is one. When a charge of electricity is placed in the end of a wire the electrons move into the wire. Since there is only one electron in the valance shell of a copper atom it can be easily dislodged with a small amount of energy causing it to jump to the next atom. This will then cause the valance electron of that atom to jump to the next atom and so forth. This movement happens very fast making it possible for a large number of electrons to move through the wire. An example of a conductive atom is shown figure 1.