Narrow-Spectrum Drugs Vs. Broad-Spectrum Drugs

Ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin all sulphafurazole all were resistant to the bacteria as it may have grown a mutation.

Antibiotics are amongst the most important medical discoveries and their introduction represents a remarkable success story (Hedin, 2011). The term antibiotics literally means against life (Walsh, 2000). Thus antibiotics can be used against any microbe such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. However, some people use the term to only apply to bacteria, but in this paper, the more appropriate term will be used.

In the last decade, the number of prescriptions for antibiotics has increases. Even though, antibiotics are helpful, an excess amount of antibiotics can be dangerous. Quite often antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to cure viruses when they are meant to target bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is prone to kill microorganisms, or bacteria. By examining the PBS documentary Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria and the article “U.S. government taps GlaxoSmithKline for New Antibiotics” by Ben Hirschler as well as a few other articles can help depict the problem that is of doctors prescribing antibiotics wrongly or excessively, which can led to becoming harmful to the body.

This is because the choice of antibiotic also depends on the site and extent of infection as well as local resistance patterns. These resistance patterns would need to be targeted specifically in order for the biofilm to be eradicated, many studies have portrayed that ‘combination therapy’ is the most efficient way of targeting biofilm related structures. For example, with CF patients a combination of drugs ivacaftor and lumacaftor. These are systematic protein modulators and work together to target the CFTR gene by opening pathways to specific protein channels, this allows salts and fluids to move in so the biofilm forming mucus can be removed from the

Another crucial element to consider is the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics,given the widespread use of these drugs as a prophylactic or a therapeutic regimen.

The misuse and overdose of the antibiotics increase the resistance problem. It can cause these bacteria to

Health experts know that most antibiotic products interfere with the immune system and the digestive system. Most of these products quell probiotic bacteria

Section 3 of the Promise for Antibiotics and Therapeutics for Health Act or the PATH Act, which call for current PATH Act legislation to be modified so that it “will allow health experts to more easily develop new treatments for antibiotic resistant bacteria, and make real progress in presenting a great number of illnesses and deaths in the United States”1. In addition, this new legislation will impact Section 506 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C 356) by introducing into its current language a new subsection (g) “Limited Population Pathway for Antibacterial Drugs”. Thus creating new avenues for the introduction of alternative treatments for limited populations based on the recommendation of Secretary

Selective use of antibiotics to control outbreaks 
Note: Routine use of oral and systemic antibiotics was considered but not recommended.

It also helps with the prevention of PCP in HIV-positive patients, but should be used cautiously due to the incidence of adverse reactions. This drug is also active against many strains of gram-positive pathogens including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Nocardia, Enterococcus. It also has activity against many gram-negative pathogens, such as: Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant

Prevented (vaccines or antibiotics): Antibiotics that kill or stop the bacteria from growing such as Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin can treat infections. Doxycycline can treat and prevent infections as well as prevent severe acne and prevent malaria. Tetracycline can treat acne and skin

What do you think are the most important changes in chemotherapeutic management of microbial disease?

-Multi-drug resistant organisms have increased in number in recent years. Infection control minimizes the onset and spread of these potentially fatal pathogens.

Disease and plague had once completely and disastrously overwhelmed humanity for countless years. During the era when medicine was not as advanced and sickness and disease had run rampant, people had resorted to dangerous, unethical and unsanitary methods of healing. Desperate to alleviate the pain, doctors and healers of the time did what they could to make the pain and discomfort of the ill disappear. Though the intentions of many doctors was to heal the sickly, they did not realize there was a more scientific approach of solving many of their problems. On a microscopic level, there are bacteria and microbes that are attacking the body, causing diseases to ensue. In order to deal with the issue at hand, scientists had to figure out what could be used to fight these particular pathogens and not just what, but how much of these antimicrobials should be used. To better understand this idea of knowing the proper dosage needed for an antibiotic, we exercised this concept of minimal inhibitory concentration. The minimal inhibitory concentration is the lowest amount of the antimicrobial concentration needed to prevent the noticeable growth of the microorganism after incubating the sample overnight. Each group was given a specific antibiotic of

Modern-day advances have allowed scientists to develop methods to control pathogens. The more common methods include the use of antiseptics, antibiotics, and vaccines. By definition, antiseptics are chemicals used to kill pathogens. A few widespread antiseptics include soap, vinegar, and rubbing alcohol. Antiseptics are primarily used for the external destruction of pathogens, while antibiotics and vaccines target internal pathogens. Nevertheless, there are and can be difficulties concerning the use of antibiotics. “As antibiotic use has become more common, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have evolved.” This resistance due to evolution is called antibiotic resistance. It results in the antibiotics having no effect whatsoever on the bacteria, rendering the antibiotics useless. When antibiotic resistance occurs, scientists must resume their search to create a new medicine to can kill the mutant bacteria.