Natalizumab Case Study

There is treatment for attacks, treatments to help modify disease progression, treatment for multiple sclerosis signs and symptom severity, and alternative medicines that help patients to cope daily with the disease. Treatments for attacks may include corticosteroids including oral prednisone and intravenous methylprednisolone- prescribed to reduce nerve inflammation- and plasma exchange in which plasma is removed and separated, then mixed with albumin and returned to the body (Multiple). Many drugs are prescribed to multiple sclerosis patients to reduce the progression of the disease, or specifically to eliminate the amount of active lesions in the brain. These drugs can include beta interferons which are injected under the skin or into the muscle and can help reduce the frequency and severity of relapse, glatiramer acetate which can help to block the immune systems attacks on the myelin sheaths and is also injected beneath the skin, dimethyl fumarate a daily oral medication that can help reduce the amount of relapses, fingolimod also a once-daily oral medication to help reduce the relapse rate, teriflunomide which has shown improvement in the relapse rate when taken daily, natalizumab has been shown to block the movement of damaging immune cells from the bloodstream to the brain and spinal cord, alemtozumab that targets a protein on the surface of damaging immune cells and depleting white blood cells, and mitoxatrone

Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that has the potential to cause significant disability in those affected through the body's immune system attacking and destroying the myelin sheaths surrounding the axons. Myelin is rich in lipids and proteins that form layers around the nerve fibers and acts as insulation and protection. This damage to the myelin in the CNS, and to the actual nerve fibers, has the potential to block the transmission of nerve signals between the brain and spinal cord and also other parts of the body. This disruption of the nerve signals produces the primary symptoms of MS which then possibly lead to secondary and tertiary symptoms stemming from these

The following are found in a high percentage of those affected by MS, mainly during a relapsing-remitting of the disease, or they are persistent in chronic-progressive patients. Patients with MS have inflammation in their CNS as well as oligoclonal bands in their cerebrospinal fluid. What this means is that an immune system that is no longer efficient now prevents memory T-cells from becoming activated or entering the CNS and mediating much of the damage that is associated with MS, causing more health issues for those with MS. When the immune system no longer functions properly in these patients, they also become susceptible to viral diseases. There is also a theory that exposure to a certain virus may lead to a pathology in the immune system, which then results in MS, viral infections are known to provoke relapses of the disease, making a viral infection that leads to MS a plausible

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that commonly found in individuals between the ages of 20 and 40. While men with MS tend to have a faster progressing disease, women are more likely than men to develop it. MS comes in many forms due to the extent of the damage and the amount of lesions, along with how quickly it progresses. All of this collectively forms the MS community today and has resulted in new test methods and forms of treatment developed to both help relieve the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. This research paper will go through what causes a person to develop MS, what is going on within the body that causes the symptoms people experience,

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that can impact many different parts of the body. It starts out by the immune system attacking the myelin that surrounds the nerve fibers in the Central Nervous System. Once the myelin tissue is damaged, it forms a type of scar tissue that essentially causes the sclerosis. It then sends nerve impulses back and forth between the brain and spinal cord that can cause many different ranges of symptoms. Scientists are still researching the cause for this disease; however, there have been great advancements since it was first discovered back in the eighteen-hundreds. From conducting research over the years, scientists have been able to collect data that gives a further insight into how MS works. There is no cure

Malik, O., Donnelly, A., & Barnett, M. (2014). Fast facts: Multiple sclerosis (3rd ed.). [Proquest Ebook Central]. Retrieved from http://www.ebookcentral.proquest.com

Multiple Sclerosis is a nervous system disease that disturbs the brain and spinal cord (Rolak,2005). Initially affects the myelin sheath, the material that covers and protects your nerve cells. Multiple Sclerosis causes demyelination (Rolak,2005). The nerve damage is caused by inflammation (Rolak,2005). Inflammation occurs when the body’s own immune cells attack the nervous system (Rolak,2005). This can happen in any area of the brain, optic nerve, or spinal cord (Rolak,2005). It is unknown what exactly causes Multiple Sclerosis (Rolak,2005). It is considered to be a virus and environmental factors may also play a role (Rolak,2005). A person’s immune cells begins to attack the central nervous system and degenerate (Rolak,2005).

[Certain infections. A variety of viruses have been linked to MS, including Epstein-Barr, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. [1]

Multiple Sclerosis is a hot topic in science because professionals still know so little and there is currently no cure, although it was discovered in the early 19th century (NMSS, 2015). There is a huge online community of MS patients sharing their experiences of living with this disease. Often times it can be progressive, painful and disrupt daily activities of life (i.e. getting out of bed, brushing teeth, walking etc). The common age group for those who are diagnosed with MS are 20 to 50, and less common are young adults, teenagers and children (MSF, 2009). Determinants of MS include gender, age, where you live, genetics and ethnicity (NMSS, 2015). More women than men are affected (NMSS, 2015). The National Library of Medicine explains that MS affects the central nervous system where T cells are generated and for an unknown reason attacks myelin sheaths in the axons of the brain. Multiple Sclerosis is an auto immune disease, it is not communicable, and there is not one single test that can easily detect it (MSF, 2009). For these reasons and ambiguity of the disease which cause people suffering everyday, it is thus great importance for

Multiple Sclerosis (M.S) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS) that leads to a variety of disabilities, including: asthenia, lack of coordination, abnormal vision, cognitive changes, and sexual and urinary dysfunction(1). M.S pathogenesis involves a complex process of the activity of macrophages and micro-glial cells that leads to differentiation of specific neural Th1 lymphocytes (Myelin auto reactive T-Cells) and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the CNS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by inflammation of central nervous system (CNS) injury. This disease is an animal model of multiple sclerosis in human (2). In EAE, CD4+ lymphocytes call macrophages to the central nervous system, subsequently they are activated against microglia cells, which lead to demyelination of neurons (3, 4). EAE can be induced by injection of central nervous system proteins, such as basic myelin proteolipid protein derived from CNS proteins, to animals such as monkeys, pigs, rats and mice (5, 6). Recently, the role of Th2 cytokines in therapy and control of EAE as a potential treatment for M.S has been accepted. Following information suggest that immune modulators, especially those that lead to suppress Th2 environment, can be potential treatments for M.S(3). Many studies have shown that M.S is a Th1 lymphocyte-dependent autoimmune disease. There have been significant

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a CNS autoimmune disease configured by demyelination, inflammation, and degeneration of axons. This disease inflict great harms to patients. The most common problem is inability to control musculoskeletal system and decrease in mobility. These consequences could vary from patients to patients. About 10-15% of all MS patients develop primary progressive MS (PPMS). Despite the most common appearance of MS, which is progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS), PPMS affects older adults. Its process has no recovery periods, and gender distribution measurements indicate no differences. Etiology of MS is still unclear but it is believed both environmental and hereditary factors are involved. MS susceptibility in population

The regulatory strategic plan is a key to the development of a medicinal product. During drug development, the regulatory strategy is one of the most critical factors for the successful approval of the medicinal product. In addition, the regulatory strategy plan can optimize labeling across several counties in order to maximize market success. The purpose of this regulatory strategy plan is to establish a good understanding of the preclinical, clinical and marketing application regulatory requirements for the development of a biosimilar of Rituximab in the United States, Canada, France and India.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), presenting with unpredictable clinical relapses and remissions . these relapses are the clinical expression of acute inflammatory reaction in the CNS (1) .

Inflammation is caused after the immune system activities and this causes/triggers some MS symptoms in patients. A few researchers suggest that medication intake can eventually slow down the progression and development of multiple sclerosis by control the immune system while other treatment methods aim specific cells found in the immune system and stop those particular cells from targeting the myelin sheath. But the drugs provided expose patients to infection by making their immune system weak and keeping them constantly at

The human nerve system is very essential interactions between people, dealing with daily challenges, and making important decisions. Therefore, when the nerve system gets affected by a disease or a disorder it can be very difficult to complete those simple tasks. An example for this kind of disease is Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that affects the nerve system, which consist of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves in the eye. Discussions about MS’s symptoms, treatments, and prognosis would be very helpful to further understand it.