National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

For decades, a substance known to cause burns, hospitalizations, and deaths has been found throughout the world. 3.41 million people die every year from issues related to this chemical, including over 200 children every hour. Approximately 80% of all diseases are either caused by the chemical or are somehow related to it. More substances dissolve into this substance than any other substance on earth, which is helpful for another usage of the chemical in nuclear power generators. Inhaling this substance causes suffocation, and eating too much of its solid form or drinking too much of its liquid form can cause intoxication and death. The name of this substance is Dihydrogen Monoxide, and despite its known dangers and prevalence across the United

In order to mitigate exposure to harmful substances, first responders are trained to be familiar with hazardous substance identification systems. These two systems are the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA) 704 system, and the Department of Transportation (DOT) HAZMAT identification system (Weekly reading; Unit 2: Hazardous Materials Identification Systems). Deadly threats exist in the aftermath of any terrorist attacks, so first responders should be aware of these systems, and the dangers they will face.

This paper will look at NFPA 472 and what it does to protect the FireFighter. NFPA 472 is a very interesting standard as it is the standard of competence of responders to hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction incidents. The purpose of this standard is to specify the minimum effectiveness for those who respond to hazardous materials and WMD incidents and necessary for a risk based response to the incidents. Hazmat situations can be a very tricky situation with all the recently introduced acids and gasoline of the current era. NFPA 472 keeps the FireFighter safe and effective on duty.

Any type of hazardous materials incidents should be handled with discretion as not to cause public panic. Use Hazardous Materials Box 11-999.

In order to mitigate such risk, it is critical for emergency services personnel to be trained at all levels. Ensuring the implementation of hazardous materials training (HAZMAT), resourcing the proper detection devices, and most of all, training emergency personnel to both understand and identify all known indicators. Terrorist incidents involving chemical agents are so dangerous in the fact

That is why they have developed the NFPA 70 (National Fire Protection Association). The NFPA is the electrical and fire safety in a workplace. Its documents talks about all the requirements for all employees working that area. Its codes for use by the local government. The first fire department to represent the NFPA was the city of New York’s fire department in 1905 now today there are many departments

The Hazardous Material Identification System conveys the information that directly influences how first responders should approach the attack. The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) is a numerical hazard rating that incorporates the use of labels with color-coded bars as well as training materials (CT2Learn). The utilization of the hazardous materials identification system ensures the appropriate materials are categorized and proper handling and care are clearly stated. For their safety, it is imperative first responders take in large amounts of information very quickly when they arrive on scene. Responders need to make judgment calls that will impact not only themselves, but also those they are assisting. Should a location that handles hazardous materials be the target of a terrorist attack the first responders need to quickly assess what protective safety measures are required. First responders require training in how to respond to the risks presented with the presence of the hazardous materials. Each hazardous material brings unique characteristics to the event. The response protocols for an event involving jet fuel is vastly different form an event involving bio-hazardous materials or even a nuclear event.

On December 2nd 1984, 40 tons of deadly Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas and other toxic gasses were released in to the atmosphere from Union Carbide India, Limited’s (UCIL) plant in Bhopal, India. Water meant for cleaning internal pipes was mixed with MIC, due to a faulty valve, which led to an exothermic reaction. The pressure and heat from this powerful reaction led to break down of a safety valve which then caused MIC gas to be released into the atmosphere.

Hazardous materials releases can occur in any location and time. The potential of a release is dependent on the volume, distribution, and use of the hazardous substances within a particular area. Hazard identification, planning, and response preparedness is an ongoing process and must be addressed through a cooperative partnership between the public and private sectors (Washoe County LEPC, 2006).

It is typically shipped as a pressurized and liquefied gas. Propane’s boiling point is -42.1°C, and its melting point is -189.6°C. The density of propane is .493 g/L at room temperature. The propane molecule also has many uses which include water and space heating, indoor and outdoor cooking, backup power, and fuel for lawnmowers,

The only accurate and up to date statistics relating to carbon monoxide poising and gas explosion incidents are available online through the official commercial gas safety website. Carbon monoxide and gas safety website. By exporting the data into graphical format and analyzing the trends relating to reported incidents and fatalities, we can get a clear picture of the effect raising awareness of gas safety has had on the number of incidents reported. It also gives us ground to justify our actions when immediate repairs are required in a commercial property.

New Technology: Fire safety codes are designed with current fire alarms and fire suppression technologies

I truly enjoyed reading the material for this week 's discussion. I found it fascinating to read how these people of passion were so revered as leaders. Something I found difficult while reading the stories of these various leaders was the details of what they did within their respective industries that made them successful. Although I recognize the importance of the details, I found myself continually fanaticizing about how the many different approaches would directly translate to the fire service. Because of the uniqueness of the fire service as an industry, I found it easier to relate to themes and concepts rather than the details. 'Strengths Based Leadership ' by Tom Rath and Barry Conchie For example Simon Cooper stated: "people create memories, not things. If we ask guests what color the carpet was in their guest room, they probably won 't know. The real value comes from the ladies and gentlemen (employees) who bring that hotel to life. Ten percent is the platform, but the rest is people. (Rath & Conchie, 2008, p. 43) As I read this I couldn 't help but think of the fact that our customers in the emergency response world (fire service) likely remember more about how we treat them than what uniform we wear or what kind of apparatus we arrive in, so long as we bring true caring and compassion to their bedside. In addition Cooper 's people over platform approach was obvious in this Rath & Conchie description: "then when he talked of the night-and-day difference that a

Natural gas, finds its way into the market place by nineteen eighty-five, as a motor fuel. Specific containers were unrefined however, a few unrefined efforts created machine knowledge obtainable. Advanced nations, expanded LNG and proceeded to transform engine transformations to CNG. Vessels carrying LNG applied the boil-off method for gas as an alternative to re-liquefaction or venting. Specific unrefined and petrol autos consumed CNG and LNG, while experiments were occurring on marine engines, airplanes, helicopters, trucks, and trains (Kennedy). Nonetheless, activity in these capacities had no economic influence on gas industry or LNG amenities (Momenimovahed, Olfert). Since nineteen eighty-five, automobile comonents has progressed quickly and numerous global corporations are immersed in exploration (Kennedy).

Natural gas is a clean and environmental friendly energy source which is estimated to constitute a major part of world energy consumption in the coming years. Usage of natural gas is increasing due to its relatively cheaper costs than diesel or gasoline. Transportation and Storage falls under the final stage of Oil and Gas processing where it gets transported to the end user for further use in industry, plant or any other facility. Transportation of natural gas remains as a challenge due to its isolated reserves throughout the world. Natural gas has more problems in transportation and storage when compared to other forms of energy such as petroleum, coal etc. The main reason is due to the energy density of natural gas which is low at ambient temperatures and pressures (Kidnay et al. 2011). So in order to transport the gas by pipeline, its energy density has to be increased using high pressures. Another problem of Natural gas due to its low energy density, lies in its storage. Natural gas is highly volatile and sophisticated storage facilities are to be provided to prevent any hazards. Therefore natural gas has to be transported continuously to the end user avoiding reasons for storage. When there is less demand for its usage, natural gas has to be converted to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and then stored.