National Security Agency Analysis

Many of the current differences we see today between the federal, state and local law enforcement intelligence stemmed from prior to the September 11 attack. Prior to this attack many states lacked a robust intelligence capability, as it was the primary role of federal agencies to protect the United States from both foreign and domestic terrorist threats. In an attempt to mitigate future attacks of this nature state, local, and

While the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is one, centralized agency, securing the homeland involves the cooperation and collaboration of many, different agencies and organizations ranging from local law enforcement to national agencies such as the NSA, CIA, and FBI. Each of these agencies contributes to the development of homeland security intelligence. By carefully analyzing and commenting on the objectives, tasks, strengths, weaknesses, and roles of each agency, a larger picture emerges regarding the capabilities and limitation of intelligence in supporting homeland security efforts.

With the Age of technology advancing, the more cyber-attacks are occurring. Many of our information are on computer networks and we like to think that our information is well protect. But how protected is our information? Cybersecurity bills are introduced in Congress almost every year. These bills regularly imply to permit organizations and the government to divulge dangerous information for a “cybersecurity” reason to secure and safeguard against attacks against networks and computer systems.

The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency is the largest and pri- mary investigative arm of the U.S. DHS.46 ICE is responsible for identifying and inves- tigating weaknesses within the nation’s borders, developing intelligence concerning threats, removing foreign nationals, and enforcing over 400 federal statutes. The agency was formed in 2003 as part of the Homeland Security Act and is the result of a merger of several federal agencies, including the Customs Service, Immigration and Natural- ization, and the Federal Protective Service. ICE has approximately 15,000 employees in 400 offices in the United States and 50 offices around the world.47 The ICE agency plays a pivotal role in enforcing Internet-related crimes because

The government probably knows more about you more than I do. In fact, they probably know more about you than your best friend. They might even know you better than you know yourself. The government have access to every single person in your phone contacts, every person you have called, texted, and emailed for the last 5 years. They know everything from what you googled, searched, to what bought online and liked on Facebook. This is what is known as metadata. We can thank all that to wiretapping, a government employed program aimed to track down terrorists. However, the program is stuffed full with controversy, leaving room for question of the programs constitutionality. Supporters claim that this program is essential to taking out terrorists

Homeland security has been designed in order to better their actions in defense against evolving terrorist threats. The creation of the Department of Homeland Security affect resources designated for local criminal justice organizations. This is mainly because; the homeland security information network has to securely collaborate with partners across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries on weapons and other resources. They redirect resources used by local criminal justice agencies to combat crime (Stojkovic, Kalinich&Klofas, 2011). This is due to the goals and environments change that outpace technology and resources available to the criminal justice administrators.

As an agency like Department of Homeland Security or Federal Bureau of Investigation, they make such efforts to assure to protect the homeland and the United States citizens. "Homeland security decision makers should avoid bloated solutions and examine constantly old security measure to avoid petrifaction" (Neito-Gomez, 2011). Department of Homeland Security needs always to stay on top of the game; it is important to have eyes and ears everywhere. Technologies have been taking such a major part in defending security, and that is why Department of Homeland Security needs to have the most updated technologies and Intel to assist for the safety defense.

The federal government of the United States empowers a wide range of law enforcement agencies to maintain law and public order related to matters affecting the country as a whole. The Federal Law enforcement agencies are only authorized to enforce various laws generally only on a federal level. Majority of these agencies have broad federal enforcement powers, but most enforce only narrow portions of federal law. In some cases, they may be empowered to enforce state and local law as well. These agencies may generally have nationwide jurisdiction for enforcement of designated federal law but

Government services are a frequent target of cyber terrorism. The Israeli-Middle East conflict for instance shows numerous cases where cyber warfare is just as damaging as conventional means. Palestinian and Hezbollah hackers have been known to frequently attack Israeli infrastructure, often compromising government, military, and media sites. For its part, Israel has been known to hack its enemies in the Middle East, most notably Iran (XX). However, cyber terrorism is not the only means by which Canada's cyber security can be compromised. State-sponsored attacks also bring a great deal of damage, and in many cases, are better organized and funded

1) In regards to question number one involving if we - as societal citizens - have a Natural Right to Privacy, I believe the answer is no - due to understanding equivocal terminology. For example, we all know that the National Security Agency (NSA), The Law Enforcement Community (LE), and the Intelligence Community (IC), all routinely collect information on us - on a daily basis. Such information involving: emails, video and voice chats, videos, photos, Voiceover Internet Protocols [e.g. Skype, Google Chrome, Oovoo, Teamspeak, & etc], file transfers, retail products [e.g. Home Security Cameras & Home Thermostats] and social networking sites; including but not limited to soliciting the following information to second and third party vendors [e.g. private companies & contractors]. With that being said, we are now living in an institutionalized society - where privacy is null and void.

The terrorist attacks to the World Trade Center towers in New York City on September 11, 2001 has changed the way federal, state and local police departments communicate with each other, their structures, and operations. The new federal organization known as Homeland Security set out to coordinate their work at the state level, collect, analyze and share pertinent information and intelligence, protect key infrastructure and assets, secure the nation’s borders and ports, team up with federal and local task forces, and prepare new response training, equipment, systems and strategies (Foster and Cordner, 2005). The Federal Bureau of Investigation also shifted focus from addressing traditional crimes to preventing terrorist attacks. This is

Advising and providing recommendations to the U.S. Attorney General on issues like advanced usage of technology, requirements, and cooperation between intelligence agencies is charged to the Criminal Intelligence Coordinating Council (CICC) and the Global Intelligence Working Group (GIWG). Working in concert, the CICC and the GIWG advocates for local police force agencies in the development and communicating of criminal intelligence to promote public safety and our Nation’s security. The recognition by the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan (NCISP) of the prominence of the state, local, and tribal law enforcement (SLTLE) are vital ingredients concerning our country’s intelligence process. In order to

In the United States, local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies, including FBI, Department of Homeland Security, among others, have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism. The roles and responses of these law enforcement agencies concerning digital crime have created challenges that limit enforcement efforts against digital crime.

The Federal Government needs to create information systems which are more effective shielded systems to protect their assets and resources at home. The foundation of any mandated cybersecurity strategies that secure our nation national security must incorporate worldwide or state local threats whether targeted toward the federal government or the private sector forces. The OPM breach highlighted the insufficient and inconsistence security approaches the federal government has already used in modernizing the existing cybersecurity policies. There is a requirement for the United States government to institute polices that would incorporate and implement new government cybersecurity structures and centralized the protection of their assets to avert future breaches (Source). Examining the inadequacies in the current national cybersecurity policies and regulations is disappointing as OPM choice to implement these mechanisms and the current authoritative propositions to cybersecurity must change immediately. It was reported that OPM only spent $2 million in 2015 to avert pernicious digital assaults, while the Department of Agriculture spent $39 million. The Department of Commerce, Department of Education, and Department of Labor likewise invested more money in cybersecurity resources than the Office of Personnel Management. The Small Business Administration devoted a similar amount into cybersecurity to recognizing, examining, and alleviate any cyber breaches as OPM, however

Governments, organizations and companies co-operate to secure cyber space. In fact, the prevention of cyber criminal activities is the most critical aspect in the fight against cyber crime. It’s mainly based on the concepts of awareness and information sharing. A proper security posture is the best defence against cyber crime (Paganini, Perluigi, 2014)