Nationalism In The 19th Century

What events or trends contributed to the relationship between the forces of Nationalism and Sectionalism?

Nationalism is way of thinking both political and socially to create a community united by: history, ethnicity, religions, common culture, and language. Numerous effects occurred while establishing a Nationalist community, some effects were a long term impact on Nationalism, and other was short term impacts on Nationalism.

Nationalism is how one feels toward their nation. Therefore nationalism determines how strong a nation is, by the unity of the people. America was very young as a nation in the early to mid 1800s and was not meeting the standards of the people. Changes needed to be made. Nationalism was changed in America with many great reform movements taking place which warped America to what it is today. Education reform, Industrial revolution, and transportation alongside technological advancements played a large roll in nationalism.

At the turn of 19-20 centuries, capitalism has evolved into imperialism. The world was almost completely divided between the major powers. Unbalance of economic and socio-political development of the countries increased. States, after others entered the path of capitalist development (United States, Germany, Japan), quickly moved forward and pushed aside from global markets old capitalist countries - Great Britain and France, aggressively seeking redistribution of colonies. The most acute contradictions have arisen between Germany and Great Britain, whose interests were encountered in many areas of the globe, but especially in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, where German imperialism mainly directed its trade and colonial expansion.

Isolationism refers to nonparticipation in any alliances, economic commitments or foreign trade, to avoid diplomacy entanglements with foreign countries. The United States remained isolated during the 19th century, an unusual accomplishment in history. It promotes development within boundaries. The USA government would have saved a large sum of money by not taking part in wars. This money could help run welfare programs and also settle America’s debt. However, failure to participate in wars would reduce the production and manufacture of machinery, leading to job losses. It also encourages peace and development. Isolationism helps to promote peace by avoiding diplomatic crisis when intervening with foreign governments. It is, however, important to have meaningful negotiations to discuss current issues with other countries. This is an effective way to reduce problems that may arise both outside and inside the country. Isolationism also increases productivity. By utilizing resource within its boundaries, USA was able to develop new opportunities and new markets which directly impact globalization on other richer countries. As a result, this would increase productivity, generating more prosperity and wealth.

The rise of nationalism in the late 1700s through the early 1800s was frowned upon by the Chinese. It brought democracy, opium trade which eventually led to the opium wars, and the fight over who territories in Shanghai. The British were looking to trade for silver. They offered China lots of silver, for their tea. Britain had essentially scammed the Chinese and instead of paying them the silver they were promised, they payed them with large quantities of opium from the British-Owned India. China didn’t like this, but many of China’s citizens became addicted to the drug of opium. The Chinese were now furious and filled with hate towards western culture. This led to a rise of nationalism within China for its citizens to rebel against this foreign

The theory of social Darwinism was used to justify European imperialism. “It is an application of the theory of natural selection that says ‘only the strong survive’, to human issues that are social, political, and economic.”

“Nationalism is an ideology based on the premise that the individual's’ loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests”(Kohn). Nationalism affected the 19th century because it made the people and their governments believe that their country was superior to the other countries. Nationalism led to the unification of many modern states such as Italy and Germany and is one of the reasons of why it had such a great impact in the 19th century. “Nationalism was the most successful political force of the 19th century”(Fordham). The French Revolution had three main ideas; liberty, equality, and fraternite that go hand in hand with Nationalism.

citizens like no other ideals had done before. These ideals were liberalism, socialism and, the

Nationalism, another widely popular philosophy that arose during the nineteenth century, is the desire to form a nation by a group of people who share a common language, customs, culture and history. Nationalism was not necessarily logically linked to liberalism, it was often directly opposed to liberal political values. Conservative nationalists might seek political autonomy for their own group but have no intention of establishing liberal political institutions thereafter. Nationalists often defined their own national groups in opposition to other national groups who they might regard as cultural inferiors or historical enemies. Nationalists insisted on becoming educated and becoming members of their own nation. Liberalism was more focused

Abstract in Abstract in principle, yet individually quantifiable, nationalism swept through 18th and 19th century global populations, igniting the fire for some of the most significant and revolutionary changes of the time. During the period, eons’ old hierarchal systems found themselves closeted, as novel enlightenment principles were bred and spread throughout the world. Kingdoms fell, borders were redrawn, and ultimately, nationalism led to the worldwide adoption of a new sense of individual identity, no longer associated with kings and queens. Full embracement of the nationalistic revolution benefited individuals and nations alike, eliciting feelings of pride in its practitioners, while uniting individuals in invisible and powerful communities, resulting in the forward progression of society.

During the nineteenth-century music was being centered on the concept of nationalism, which influenced many artists’ mechanisms. Nationalism can be defined as using cultural customs, historical events, and traditional customs to compose inspiring compositions that gave rise to strong emotions to works of many artists. Examples of these nationalism foundational components are struggles for freedom, the pride of conquering nations, songs and dance of their people, and life as a peasant. Four nationalist composers and their pieces are Edvard Grieg who composed Peer Grynt, Jean Sibelius who composed Finlandia, Isaac Albéniz who composed Iberia, and Alexander Borodin who composed Prince Igor.

Traditional nationalism was both a unifying and dividing force for nations. Which it was depended on the nation. In nations like France, Germany, and Britain where there was generally one people, culture, and language it was a unifying force.

Nationalism refers to an ideology that mainly focuses on the nation as a whole organism supported by the people bonded to the nation. The people who are bonded to the nation are the citizens of the country and nationalists usually try to make the country better even if the results end up as making the situation worse. Nazism, a movement brought about by National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NAZI) whose leader was Hitler, can be described as nationalist. Nazism had an objective; “the recovery and maintenance in health of that God-given organism, the Nation” (Strasser Fourteen theses ex.11). The main aim of all these objectives is to make new Germany capable of higher strength and contains only pure Germans within. With the increase in military and pure German who Nazi had believed were better physically as well as in intelligence, the nation itself would have higher strength and had more purity in race where there would be less discrimination and disorder within the country. So, Nazism is a nationalist. This essay will reinforce the point that Nazism is a nationalist by focusing on Nazi increasing the nation’s strength through the creation of self-efficient economy by increasing workforce as well as increasing the military might, enhancing the education by demanding more from the students in terms of mentally as well as physically and the process in which purity of Germans is increased such as laws that prevent non-Germans from having citizenships. The Nazi’s persistence

Nationalism is the most potent factor conducting in the political ground. In the nineteenth century it was almost universally accepted as a injunction for religion. Though in the middle age religious view had prominent influence but in the first half of 16th century more emphasis was given to geographic and national unity and field of national sovereign state was established. At that time strong central national government was established in England, French, Spain. French revolution has been considered the first emergence of nationalism. On the other hand Renaissance and Protestant reformation movement significant role in the rise of European nationalism. “Machiavelli believed that the uniformity of tradition, language and law are the main element of nationalism” (Ayesuddin,1976, in bengali). Besides these it is also necessary to understand clearly the implication of the trend of nationalist movement. The recorded history of Bangladesh is found from around the first century of the Christian era. Until the coming of muslims in the early 13th century the region was ruled by the Hindu and Buddhist kings. The muslim rule in Bangladesh began early in the 13th century and continued until the coming of East India Company. It had been seen a seat of political influence in the history of south Asia, especially 19th and 20th centuries. All major freedom movements against the British rule and ‘Sipahi Bidroha’ in 1857, was the first counterblasts against them by the