Native American Experience Outline

The Ice Age froze most of the oceans into glaciers and the lowered sea levels uncovered a bridge connecting Eurasia and North America. Animals that migrated crossed this bridge and Asian hunters followed them into N.A.People kept coming in via the Bering land bridge for 250 years.

After the Demise of the big mammals and the fall of the Paleolithic period a new age Indian was born. Termed Archaic and adaptable to living on scarce amounts of food and extreme weather conditions, these Indians began to migrate further and further, spreading from Alaska and the Pacific Northwest to the New England coast where they then began to become less nomadic and began to form tribes and claim regions of land as their own. They then began to build communities and monuments that lasted for hundreds of years. While the Archaic Indians were descendants of the earliest Paleolithic Indians and didn’t discover the continent like their earlier ancestors, they inhabited the Americas many years before the

It appears that through openings in continental ice sheets, (Land Bridge Theory) small populations were able to migrate south to the Americas. While many of the prehistoric remains which are found appear to not be related to present-day American Indians, the two groups did share the same region, albeit, apparently at different time periods.

The individuals possessing haplogroup X lived in these conditions before and after the Ice Age occurred (American Journal of Human Genetics, 2003). It is believed that haplogroup X migrated to the Americas about 15,000 years ago (Benson and Glad, 2006). While haplogroup X was migrating into the Americas, haplogroups A1, B, C, and D1 were migrating at the same time but in a different location than haplogroup X (Forster, Harding, Torroni, and Bandelt, 1996). Scientists believe that haplogroup X entered the Americas via Beringia which connected northeastern Asia with northwestern North America during periods of glacial expansion and when there were lower sea levels (Feder, Lepper, Barnhart, and Bolnick, 2011). The glacial expansion and lower sea levels gave rise to the bridge called Beringia that connected Siberia to Alaska. Ice never formed on the ground which allowed small groups of modern humans to survive during the Ice Age. The area in which these groups resided in most likely consisted of tundra and steppe, but resources were scarce for the inhabitants

Constantine I is credited with adapting Christianity to the Roman Empire, ending persecution of Christians, and eventually converting to the religion himself. However, historians have debated over his motives; some consider them to be politically fueled, while others argue that they were based on personal beliefs. After considering the various changes that were brought upon following the conversion, it is clear that while Constantine’s efforts were primarily strategically rooted, personal beliefs did play a subsidiary role.

Constantine’s dealings with Christianity greatly propagated the religion. Hoping that the Christian God would aid him in battle, Constantine became the first Roman emperor to convert to the religion. His conversion marked an end to the persecution Christians faced from Diocletian, and a start to Christianity eventually becoming the state religion of the Empire. Constantine’s dedication to the advancement of Christianity can be best shown through the fact that he is regarded as a saint by Eastern Orthodox Christians.

In my opinion, the theory that the early peoples migrated across the Bering Land Bridge, an estimated 600 mile wide grassy plain, is the most relevant one, and it’s the one scientists as well as archaeologists should study the most. The surface of the water is frozen in the winter, and during the last Ice Age, it was even easier to use as a walkway. Cape Dezhnev in Siberia is only 90km away from Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska. This 90km walk could have easily been completed by the first peoples, as opposed to getting through the Pacific or Atlantic oceans in boats. Historians are not sure what kind of boats people used 13 500 to perhaps as far back as 50,000 years ago. Evidence also suggests that large animals such as horses and mammoths migrated

|a. |Siberian hunters crossed from Asia to North American during the last ice age. |

But to get to Americas it is believed that the humans used Beringia, the land bridge is presumed to be the way of transport to get them across the ocean. Also, we think that they followed their food sources from Asia to Americas.

The second development was the change in the Earths climate that rejoined North America to Asia. Around 25,000 BP, Homo sapiens had moved from Africa to Europe and Asia. When the snow started piling upon glaciers, the sea level began to drop. This exposed a land bridge connecting Siberia (in Asia) and Alaska (North America). The land bridge was named Beringia. Hunters from Siberia began scouting Beringia for game. Eventually the hunters ventured farther and became the developers of human life in the west hemisphere. The first migrations and their descendants were named Paleo-Indians by archaeologists. Some estimate that the first bands of Siberian hunters arrived after 15,000 BP. Many archaeologists believe that Paleo-Indians passed through a path free of ice in search of game. At the southern edge of the glaciers they reached hunters jackpot, and the abundance of food allowed population growth. A million years later the paleo-indians had migrated to the tip of South America and pretty much all of the Western hemisphere. This was proven by the numerous amounts of spear points

The passage describes about the land bridge Beringa through which humans from Asia migrated to North America in accordance

“In 313 C.E., Roman emperor Constantine the Great ended all persecution and declared toleration for Christianity. This drastic change in policy spread this relatively new religion to every corner of the Empire. (The Fall of the Roman Empire).” The emperor's position was threatened. The emperor's position was threatened because of the belief in a higher power that restored hope in the people which has not been there in a long time.

Subsequent events that were seemingly providential for Christians, such as, the ending of Christian persecution in the Roman Empire in the year 313 and the formation of the Christian Council of Nicaea, occurred after the conversion of Constantine. E. H. Brookes stated that he sees the conversion of Constantine as sincere. Although there are those who disagree with Brookes’s view, they believe Constantine’s conversion was insincere, Constantine inevitably influenced Christianity. He founded Churches and encouraged dissemination of the Scriptures. In spite of his contributions to implementing Christianity into the Roman Empire, he had not undergone baptism until, supposedly, he was on his deathbed in 337.

The Emperor Constantine is one of the major figures of Christian history (89). After his transformation, Christianity moved quickly from the separation of the tombs to the esteem of castles. The development began the fourth century as an oppressed minority; it finished the century as the built up religion of the domain. Consequently, the Christian Church was joined to the energy of the state and accepted an ethical accountability of the entire society. To serve the state, it refined its principle and built up its structure. Ministers emerged to challenge this secularization of the confidence; however, when the brutes smashed the legislature in the western portion of the realm, even Benedictines enrolled as teachers to the agnostics.

One theory is the Beringia, this is where people from Asia came over the land bridge known as the Bering Strait. The Bering Strait is the land bridge that connects North America to Asia. This was caused by the last major ice age, which made glaciers causing the water levels to decrease. The people from Asia followed animals across the Bering Strait or Tundra about 10000-13000