Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act

The Spanish in contact with California occurred in the mid 1530s when Cortez’s men ventured to Baja California. They began to sail north to Alta California and established 21 missions. The expedition to Alta California was the last greatest expansion of Spain’s empire in North America. The missions were a series of religious and military settlements established by the padre. The Spanish constructed the missions to gain control and power over the land in California. San Francisco Solano Mission was the last mission established in Sonoma, the Valley of the Moon, resulted an important historical event in California and the existence of the California flag. The Spanish arrival to California created a major impact to the lives of the native Indians, and there were many significant events occurred among the Spaniards, the native Indians, and the Americans before California became a part of America.

After the gold rush, transportation improvements were being made, immigration was going up and so was mining. The 49’s were the first people to reach the mines, although this was not good news, the 49’rs did increase the immigration to California which led to Diversity also had an impact since people from all over the East were beginning to move West. The rising of mining began the idea of creating a bank system which became very successful. Today California's transportation, traveling, and banking industries continue to be successful. Agriculture has dominated California's territory since 1848 and is now the largest. Although immigrants have not lived in California their whole life, they have expanded their views and skills by being surrounded with multiple cultures. Spanish speaking individuals brought the language and religion in California. After California became an official state in the 1850s was when the immigration of Hispanics began to move

The 1960’s and 70’s were a turbulent time in the United States, as many minority groups took to the streets to voice their displeasure with policies that affected them. During this time period a large movement for civil rights, including Native American’s, would seek to find their voices, as largely urbanized groups sought ways in which they could reconnect with their tribe and their cultural history. In their book, Like A Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee, Paul Chaat Smith, and Robert Allen Warrior take an extensive look at the events leading up to the three of the largest civil rights movements carried out by Native Americans. Beginning with the takeover of Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay by Indians of All Tribes in 1969; the authors tell in a vivid fashion of the Bay Area activism and Clyde Warrior 's National Indian Youth Council, Vine Deloria Jr.’s leadership of the National Congress of Indians, the Trail of Broken Treaties and the Bureau of Indian Affairs takeover, the Wounded Knee Occupation and the rise of the American Indian Movement.

In the early 1700's, the country of Spain sent many explorers to the western world to claim land and find riches. When California was founded by several Spanish explorers, like Cabrillo, and De Anza, Spain decided to send missionaries to build missions. There are a total of 21 missions built in California. Mission Santa Ines was the 19th mission and was built to share the European God with the Indians and how to eat and dress like Europeans. Father Tapis wanted to make the Indians Christians and

Deborah Miranda’s Bad Indians utilizes a unique blend of writing styles to piece together a clearer and more distinct view on the Mission system, Gold Rush, and settlement of California. Through this revolutionary collection of writing, we receive a detailed account of the treatment that California Indians had to endure during the Missionization era and are able to draw our own conclusions in regard to whether the missions were a positive or negative aspect of California history. Although Miranda’s ancestors suffered and survived horrible conditions, she, in my opinion, does not villainize the Mission system, but rather displays the facts as they are, therein allowing us to reach our own conclusions in relations to this history. Because there

In the 18th century, what is now California was populated mostly by Native Americans. Late in the century, Franciscan missions sponsored by Spain and the Roman Catholic church played an important role in establishing European settlement in the region. The Spaniards, who had already colonized parts of Mexico to the south, wanted to protect those colonies and extend their influence northward. The Roman Catholic church wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity. The mission system supported both goals. The first Franciscan mission in California (Mission San Diego de Alcalá) was established by Father Junípero Serra in what in now San Diego. Fifty-four years later in 1823, the Franciscans founded their last of 21 missions at San Francisco Solano. Each mission had an armed presidio to protect it. Each sought to teach the Native Americans both Christianity and European farming methods. Many of the mission churches remain today as living examples of

The federal government’s intentions are pure with the passing of NAGPRA. However, NAGPRA has a considerable number of debatable implications regarding Native Americans. To fall under NAGPRA’s jurisdiction, a tribe is required to have federal recognition. Federal recognition requires a cultural group, such as Native Americans, to abide by federal standards. Non-compliance is an issue prevalent today regarding institutions and companies; the lack of compliance is rooted in the absence of strong restrictions and penalties for institutions and companies. International politics inhibit the act of global reparation. International representatives and museum officials leading repatriation processes, results in a more efficient way of returning artifacts to the rightful owner without political restrictions. All in all, the Native American Graves Protection Act made significant important changes over the years, however, with ever advancing United States and American Indian Tribes the outdated act is in need of

The colonization of the western world by Europeans and the subsequent attempts at the extermination of the Indigenous peoples in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was partially accomplished. Those tribes not extinguished were removed from their sacred lands and forcibly removed to distance places. Then the approach of the Westerns for those Native American Tribes still in existence was a systematic and institutional effort of assimilation. The Native rituals and languages were discouraged, sometimes violently, and outlawed by the Federal Government until 1934 with the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act,

Beginning in the 1400s, Europeans sailed around the world in search of new land to settle and build communities on. However, their technology was nowhere near what we have today. Without satellites, they had to explore in order to create maps. However, it wasn't until the mid 1800s that the economy began to rapidly grow and evolve California into the state it is today.

America’s Gilded Age. A time where in the span of 20 years, a major amount of progress has made its way to our young nation. The Statue of Liberty made its debut on October 1886, Railroads became a new way of economic power and transportation of goods, and almost everyone moved out west to seek new lives with the hopes of fortune in mind. However, with America expanding and renovating itself after the end

As persons travel through the state of Kansas, one would gather the sense that the state has a history that began with the settlement of European-Americans during the 19th Century as there is little roadside advertising stating the contrary. Kansas, for centuries, was a land where many Native American tribes that lived, fought, and died. Subsequently, the city of Wichita is a good example of this. It is known as a large city of Kansas and not known as the name of a Native American tribe. The fact of the matter is that the Wichita tribe aided in the establishment of a trading post that led to the development of the current metropolitan city. One would be total unaware that the state of Kansas played a major role in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990). Unless one drives by one of the tribal casinos, one would not be aware that Kansas proudly has four Native American reservations. In reality, for centuries the state of Kansas has held a rich history and future as a Native land.

In the sixteenth century, many people from Europe, they went to America and make to the family. However, the most Native American are consists of Indians. They have a big difference, such as heredity, language, and society. They are mainly distributed in New England and California. All kinds of the Indians made up to tribal groups, and they have difference life style. Some people were engage in gathering, fishing, hunting, and farming; Other people were good at catch elephant seal and earless seal. In 1924, all Native American becomes citizens in the United States. In 1938, there are seven states still rejected to Native American has vote. The Indian’s tribe has its own territory and dialect. Clan has council that is all adult men and women

Fletcher, M. L. (2006). Looking to the East: The Stories of Modern Indian People and the Development of Tribal Law. Seattle J. Soc. Just., 5, 1.

Beginning in 1769, the Spanish established 21 Franciscan missions upwards along the California coast, the goal being to Christianize the native people. Conditions for native people at these missions were often harsh. The people were forced into the labor of building the missions and maintaining crops and were often punished with whipping and other forms of torture.

The communities on the West Coast naturally felt like they had more in common with other communities on the coast, such as Oregon and California and may have eventually chosen to