Natural Dyes

Step 11. Allow your shirt to sit for as long as you can, ( 7 hours for best results, the longer you allow your dye to sit, you will get a more defined look )

Major scientific concepts in this lab include chromatography and pigments. Chromatography is the division of mixtures, solution, and others into its different components. Chromatography is often used to separate a solution into its separate parts. Chromatography filters complicated compounds accurately without involving a difficult process so it is often used. In this lab, we used chromatography to separate the different pigments in the plants. When looking at plants, the colors of the plants are the colors that are reflected from the different wavelengths of the light spectrum. The colors that are not evident are the colors the plants absorb and use as energy. Pigments are the compounds of a plant the enable the reflected colors to be evident. These pigments function to capture light energy from the sun to enable the plants to undergo photosynthesis.

Color fills our world with beauty. We delight in the colors of a magnificent sunset and in the bright red and golden-yellow leaves of autumn. We are charmed by gorgeous flowering plants and the brilliantly colored arch of a rainbow. We also use color in various ways to add pleasure and interest to our lives. For example, many people choose the colors of their clothes carefully and decorate their homes with colors that create beautiful, restful, or exciting effects. By their selection and arrangement of colors, artists try to make their paintings more realistic or expressive.

After 7 trials of chromatography in a 2% isopropyl alcohol solution, blue dye #5 had an average rate of flow of .948. Red dye #40 had an average rate of flow of .781, and yellow dye #1 had an average rate of flow of .884. After 7 trials of chromatography in a 2% sodium chloride solution, blue dye #5 had an average rate of flow of .743. Red dye #40 had an average rate of flow of .20, and yellow dye #1 had an average rate of flow of .387.

But what was very interesting about these fibers, found in the Republic of Georgia, was their color. Even though there were the natural black fibers, pink, and turquoise were some other colors.

It is silkworms that naturally create silk, however, the Chinese people invented how to harvest the silk and use it in clothing and paper thousands of years ago. The oldest silk, which was found in Henan Province, came from the chinese Neolithic period and dates to around 3,630 BC. Silk excavated from the Liangzhu Province date to roughly 2,570 BC. In ancient China, silk was not only a vital invention for life but also a bridge connecting China to the outside world.

From a historical perspective it was intriguing to discover how dyes affected the hierarchy in the ancient world. The repeated use of dyes represented a transition in humanity from simple hunting and gathering societies; to well developed structured governments and economies where people focused less on survival and more on status. Colors in ancient times represented political, military, and social status. Without the discovery of dyes kings would be clothed just like the normal people giving them a less godly appearance and less power. Even today certain connotations exist with colors like black for evil white for good, etc... The authors include this essay to demonstrate man’s first foray into chemistry by mixing and blending dyes to create more extravagant colors to sell. The lust for colorful clothes drove vendors to create more eccentric dyes, thereby forcing them to utilize experimental chemistry to create new shades and hues. The book here focuses too much on the historical aspects. I can see the relationship but it is weak and describing the chemical make up of colors doesn’t explain why it relates to history.

According to Oregon State University, there are three types of classes that plant pigments can fall under. They are, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins (Carol Savonen 2003). Often the pigments that fall under the category of chlorophyll look green to the eye. This is because they are absorbing all colors of the spectrum except for green. Next, the pigments that are known as carotenoids are going to look yellow or orange, due to the same reasoning. They are absorbing all colors but yellow and orange. Lastly, the anthocyanins will absorb blue and green, reflecting either purple or red (Volner Silva 2016). As the chromatography takes place and the solution is separated into its component substances, they will display the colors of the specific pigments present in them. For example, if Chlorophyll A is present in a leaf, the chromatography will show a blue-green color, while if xanthophylls, another type of plant pigment, are present, the chromatography will exhibit a yellow color. On the other hand, if the anthocyanin pigments are present in the leaf, the chromatography experiment should have resulted in red, blue, purple, or magenta colors (Joy Alkema and Spencer L. Seagerl 1982). Specific to this experiment, the green leaves should display more pigments under the chlorophyll category, while on the other hand, the darker leaves should display more pigments that fall

3. Now you need to extract the dye from the solution onto the strips of yarn. To do this, place one piece of yarn into each test tube of colored solution. Heat the tubes in a boiling water bath for 8-10 minutes. You can remove the tubes from the water when the solution is milky-white and the yarn is the color of the dye, in other words, when all of the dye has been extracted from the solution.

Food dyes are additives that help to give food and other items a more colorful and appealing look. Originally, food dyes were made out of natural ingredients such as fruit juice, vegetables, and in some cases, bugs. However, as time went on, other ways to make food dyes were created. Natural food dyes lead to synthetic coal tar food dyes, and eventually synthetic coal tar food dyes led to petroleum based synthetic food dyes. Synthetic food dye colors certified for food use are Food Drug and Cosmetic (FD&C) Blue No. 1, FD&C Blue No. 2, Citrus Red No. 2, FD&C Green No. 3, Orange B, FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Yellow No. 5, and FD&C Yellow No. 6 (Kobylewski, 2010). Using just these nine dyes, there are over 360,000 different color combinations available.

Chromatography is a fairly simple process. First, you put a dot of ink(or in our case, the M&M food dye) near the bottom of some chromotography paper (also known as filter paper), and then hang the paper vertically with its lower edge (the one closest to the spot of dye) dipped in a solvent (In our case, the sodium chloride solution). Capillary action forces the solvent to travel up the paper, where it meets and dissolves the ink. The dissolved ink (which is the mobile phase) slowly travels up the paper (the stationary phase) and separates out into its different elements. Another way of describing it is to think of the liquid as an adhesive-like liquids, some of which stick more to the solid and can travel more slowly than others. This is

Pigments-pigments change the colour from the natural colour to make it more pigmented which is making the colour stronger and

Makena Tongg-Woodall Saculla, 1:30 Traditional Hawaiian Quilting Hawaiian Quilting is a very important part of Hawaiian culture. Hawaiian quilts are a combination of Polynesian heritage and American quilting. The Missionaries used quilts for warmth during the winter. But Hawaiians used them as an art form, as decoration and to express important things in their lives.

Is a natural product that is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism that so happens to be found in nature. So pretty much this natural product is any substance that is created naturally in nature. These natural products can also be prepared by chemical synthesis and also played a role in the development in organic chemistry by providing challenging synthetic targets. This also entails the term natural product that has been extended for commercial purposes such as cosmetics, dietary supplements, and foods produced from natural sources without added artificial ingredients.

Spores can be stained using specific dyes, such as malachite green, that are absorbed by spores in the presence of heat (Noonan).