Natural Nutritional Supplements From Plant

Licorice root is used worldwide as a natural sweetener, as well as a flavoring agent. The main composition of plant Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids act as inhibition platelet aggregation, and anticancer, antioxidant (20). Aly et al.,2005(21) indicate that liqurice have potent anti-inflammatory reduction edema about 78.3 while diclofen about 73.9% also have anti-ulcerogenic activity associated with a reduced acid output and an increased mucin secretion, an increase in prostaglandin E2 release and a decrease in leukotrienes (22). Many volatile oil and vitamins such as B1,B2,B3,B6,C,E, Biotin, Foli acid, Pantothenic acid act as expectorant, laxative, liquiritin act as antitussive (23). Also contain Coumarins Herniarin and umbelliferone (24).moreover plant used for treatment of asthma , chronic fatigue, hormonal disturbance , antiviral, antibacterial , hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant , antiulcer, ant mutagenic, Hypothermic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, relieve pain , expectorant, hypoglycemia,

Foods are not ‘pure’ substances. Although referred to as protein foods, or carbohydrate foods, this only recognized the food to be high in a particular nutrient. In fact, foods are mixtures of different nutrients and other chemical substances such as toxins, pigments and additives. Protein, carbohydrates and fat are regarded as macronutrients due to the size of their molecules. These nutrients are needed in large quantities in the body to enable the body to function properly. Vitamins and minerals are required in lesser amounts but are equally necessary and must be obtained from the food consumed. These are known as micronutrients.

A positive affect on the body due to the consumption of vitamin pills is that it may give you the recommended amount of vitamins your body needs if one does not already receive them in their daily diet. Vitamin deficiency poses as a risk to those who do not maintain a stable nutritious diet, therefore, vitamin pills make up for these shortcomings. Those who do not possess any knowledge on the risks of taking an excess of vitamin pills may end up doing so which leads to the rise of toxicity symptoms in the body ranging from headaches to heart rhythm issues. The intake of vitamins A and D, which are both fat-soluble vitamins, in high dosages are some of the vitamins that can cause the toxicity symptoms discussed previously.

What about mineral supplements? A healthy diet should provide adequate amounts of potassium, calcium and magnesium. Studies indicate that getting these nutrients from foods rather than supplements helps ensure the right mix of the nutrients. Potassium supplements can have serious side effects.

Also in traditional medicine, it is considered to be a diuretic, uterine stimulant, sedative, emollient, and anti-parasitic agent, and it is commonly employed for the treatment of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and dyspepsia. Its leaves and stems are indicated in the cases of menstrual problems, cystitis, edema, kidney stones, prostatitis, cramps, indigestion, anorexia, arthritis, and rheumatism.(29),(30),

The usage of dietary supplements is very common in United States. Nutrition plays a big role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Not everyone gets the all the essential nutrition so they make it up by purchasing and consuming dietary supplements. Some of the substances include vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and amino acids. They come in several oral forms such as tablets, capsules, or powders. These dietary supplements have been around for a long time but only recently over the past twenty years have they increased tremendously in sales in the United States. And specifically in 2006, the world wide market has been estimated at more than US $60 billion (Geyer et al, 2008). This expansion of supplements flourished later in the

Since the early 1990’s there has been an increasing trend in the US population using herbal supplements as a means to help prevent or treat health conditions. The industry has grown from 7,000 products in 1994 to a staggering 75,000 in 2008.1 The herbal supplement industry, specifically those containing botanical ingredients, took in nearly 5 billion dollars in revenue in 2012.2 More than half of the population reports using some type of herbal supplement, and more than 20 percent report using supplements with botanical ingredients. It is these botanical ingredients that are often unstudied, falsely labeled and unreported by patients to their healthcare providers.3 The FDA is overwhelmed with supplement feedback and concerns, but removing supplements from the market is no easy task as the FDA must demonstrate significant risk. Consider the case of ephedra weight loss products; linked to hundreds of casualties and other morbitities, it still required more than 10 years to remove from the market.4

The rhizome of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth, is widely used for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions. In the present study, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-granuloma activity of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome extract (PKRE) against carrageenan-induced paw edema, cotton pellet implantation induced granuloma formation and Complete Freund 's Adjuvant (CFA) induced stimulation of peritoneal macrophages in experimental rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was grossly observed by determining the efficacy to inhibit the increased paw edema volume while the anti-granuloma activity was evaluated

Other than flavoring, aroma and preservatives, spices have many therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, chemopreventive and antifungal. The antimicrobial properties of spices have led to the development of plant-origin antibiotics so as to overcome the antibiotic resistant problems. In addition, the anticancer, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of spice extracts have help

Curcumin: Researchers have been studying on different herbs and nutritional supplements which led to the proposal for managing clinical disorders like depression .For example ashwagandha treats anxiety and brahmi is being used for the cognitive problems while colostrinin for dementia4 and ginseng has been successful in treating the sexual dysfunction .(1-4) Curcumin, is one of the ingredients present in turmeric. It is also an unconventional treatment that has been studied in the management of depression.Turmeric is a spice originally from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa.Turmeric contains differentnumber of bioactive substances, like polyphenols, sesquiterpenes,diterpenes, triterpenoids, sterols, and alkaloids.(5,6)

Phytochemicals are divided into 2 groups; primary and secondary constituents according to their functions in the plant metabolism. Primary constituents comprise common sugars, amino acids, proteins and chlorophyll. While secondary constituents consist of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins, flavanoids, terpeniods glycosides. The value of medicinal plants lies in these bioactive phytochemical constituents responsible for definite physiological activities in the human body ( Akinmoladun et al 2007)

Herbal and medicinal plants have been extensively used as treatment of several human disorders. Psidium guajava L. commonly known as guava, considered as one of the most important traditional medicinal herbs Guava has been used for long time in folk medicines as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a number of diseases, e.g., as an antiinflammatory, for diabetes, rheumatic pain, hypertension, wounds, ulcers, and reducing fever.4 Guava leaves extracts have various pharmacological effects.

Medicinal plants are used traditionally in the treatment of various kinds of diseases since time immemorial. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of leaves from Elephantopus scaber by using different solvents (ethyl alcohol, acetone and aqueous). The ethyl alcohol, acetone and aqueous extracts of leaves were subjected to phytochemical analyses, which revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, coumarins, quinones and glycosides in most of the selected of leaves useing different solvents. Ethyl alcohol ,acetone and aqueous extracts of leaves were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida Albican by well diffusion method by using a different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100)mg/ml. Ethyl alcohol and acetone extract of leaves showed promising antimicrobial activity against all test organisms. Ethyl alcohol of leaves has the best activity against all test organisms. Found a high effective for ethyl alcohol extract of leaves compared with the other parameters, also it was recorded a high increase for ethyl alcohol of leaves compared with the acetone extract of leaves for a concentrations of (100, 20)mg/ml. The aqueous extract of the leaves has a weak activity against all test organisms and did not inhibit the growth of Klebsiella pneumonia for a

Aloe vera is one of the endemic plants found in southern Iran and had been utilized in Persian medicine practices for over 2,500 years (Avijgan, 2016). Aloe vera has also played an important role in clinical research (Marharjan and Nampoothiri, 2015). It is a succulent, cactus-like plant which belongs to the Aloe cease family which contains more than 400 Aloe vera species (Vangipuram et al., 2016). Aloe barbadensis Miller (Asphodelaceae) and Aloe aborescens are the more extensively known species to use for cosmetic, medicinal, and pharmaceutical purposes (Grindlay and Reynolds, 1986). Aloe vera consists of 75 different ingredients: enzymes, minerals, sugars, sterols, amino acids, and salicylic acid, just to name a few (Gottlieb, 1980). The leaves of Aloe vera contain 0.0013% protein and 99.5% water (Reynolds and Dweck, 1999). These features have made Aloe vera known for its medicinal assets which lead to its use in pharmacological actions like antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and immune boosting (Nair, 2016). Studies have also shown anti-microbial potential against Streptococcus pyrogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, and other infectious diseases caused by bacteria (Heggers et al., 1979). Therefore, it has been used traditionally as nutritional drinks, vitamins, moisturizers, healing agent in cosmetics, diabetic patients, sun burn, wounds and digestive tract disorders with no adverse effects (Yagi, 2002; and Im, 2010). With the

The present study deals with review of pharmacological and ethnobotanical uses of Aristolochia bracteolata L. from family Aristolochiaceae is commonly known as Kida-mari, Gidan-pala. The plant has been used widely by traditional practitioners for the treatment of various diseases in in Indian subcontinent in the traditional system of medicine to treat cholera, fever, bowel troubles, ulcers, leprosy, skin diseases, menstrual problems and snakebites. The plant is also used as emmenagogue, abortifacient, antineoplastic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antifertility and antispermatogenic agent. Aristolochic acid, a major active constituent of the plant is reported to cause cancer, nephropathy, sister chromatid exchange and is a potent abortifacient. Aristolochia species are also used in China, Philippines, Cuba, Nigeria, East and West Africa, Caribbean island, and sub tropical countries as a folk medicine to treat eczema, rheumatic pain, stomachic, earache, syphilis and gonorrhea. The plants also used in the treatment of domestic animals. The present review deals with the different scientific studies and reports available in different aspects of this plant in the areas of Morphology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology,