Nature Vs Nurture Research Paper

Over years of study it is has been observed how a part of intelligence is heritable in nature. Heritability being an estimate of the size of the genetic effect (Dunn and Plomin, 1990; Collier, 2008) In the field of Behavioral genetics, Studies on monozygotic and dizogotic twins have shown that monozygotic twins have a variance of 0.64 to 0.74, assuming that there is no environmental

Gladwell reveals that to excel in the world, one must be born with or introduced to the right tools. These tools may include being born into a high class home, when one is born, as well as being recognized early in school. When Lewis Terman, in 1921, conducted the Genetic Study of Genius observation, he only took into account the subjects I.Q. scores. It wasn’t until later, when he noticed the divergence of three different groups A, B, and C, did he realize that it wasn’t only about scores. The groups were separated by societal class, group A born from the high end of the scale while C was from the lower end. Group A, as well as most of B, did superb at the same time that group C fell out. Intelligence

The American Psychological Association studies have shown that environmental factors can contribute to an individual’s intelligence factor. Different revolution factors, natural selection factors, and environmental differences have an impact (Saletan 4). For example, a black kid living in a run down neighborhood may do worse than a white kid living in a rich neighborhood. Due to this, most children feed off of their peers, either at school or even at home. People in disadvantaged groups generally score lower on IQ tests than those who are not disadvantaged (Jackson 1). Different races have different advantages due to

Many scholars believe that "the new science of behavioral genetics has intellectual roots in the old ideas of Eugenics" (Steen 33). Eugenics disguised a political agenda as a scientific one in an attempt to endow discrimination with credibility. Supporters of genetic determinism theories do the same. Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray defend the theory of genetic determinism in The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, which was published ten years ago. Their book is one of the most widely referenced works regarding the theory that intelligence is inherited. The authors claim that the social order mirrors natural selection, wherein the genetically superior or more intelligent human rises to the top. Of course this means that the lower class, predominantly blacks, are represented as genetically inferior (xxi-xxiii). The authors claim that "ethnic differences in cognitive ability are neither surprising nor in doubt" (269) and attribute the inequality of life among Americans to inherent differences between races in intelligence (127). Their argument rests on the assertion that intelligence is both inheritable and immutable and is supported by intelligence test scores. The text is full of contradictions and a close analysis proves it to be lacking in evidence and smacking of social myth. Their theories are developed using speculation and are tainted by bias. There is no science involved.

One way to determine the extent to which genetic influences affect IQ is via twin studies, in these studies monozygotic twins (who share 100% genetic information) are compared with dizygotic twins (who share only 50% genetic information), in both sets of twins the environment is constant, as a result the only factor affecting IQ is the genetics shared, therefore allowing cause and effect to be established. (Tzaskowski 2014) conducted an experiment using 6702 pairs of twins to compare g scores and DNA markers, from the experiment is was found that twins estimated heritability’s increased from 0.35 to 0.48 from ages 7 – 12, this shows that there is a strong genetic link between heritability and IQ from childhood to adulthood.

Nurture intelligence is another factor which is still unfolded. Some believe that upbringing a child in a proper environment can effect their mood, body and their views towards to world. If someone’s brought up in an environment where he or she gets all the facilities and necessities of daily life, it will help through the entire life, in saying that if the person receives the correct surroundings, family support, supportive friends circle, it can help them throughout the journey of life. Family habits, interests and company of good people as mentioned above will leave a significant effect on the person’s development. The nature theory holds the genetic influence over abstract traits however, the environmental factors are the real origins of our behaviour. We want to be according to the environment around us. At the end we are still confused which way is right nature or nurture since both sides have valid reasons to be right. Some traits come to us by genes and some we experience through travelling and experiencing different situations in our lifetime, which is a proven fact. Nurture helps shape our intelligence in the sense that what surrounds us is what we end up liking and

The intelligence scores of identical twins reared together are more similar than those of fraternal twins. Brain scan also reveals that identical twins have similar volume to their brain’s gray matter, and those areas associated with verbal and spatial intelligence. Because many genes influence intelligence, it is said to be polygenetic. The intelligence test score of fraternal twins are more alike than the intelligence test scores of other siblings. This provides evidence of an environmental effect because fraternal twins, being the same age, are treated more alike. Studies of adopted children and their adoptive and biological families demonstrate that with age, genetic influences scores are more like those of their biological parents than their adoptive

The role of genetics and the human genome in intelligence has been discussed by researchers for centuries, the heritability of intelligence as a trait in

Next, the discussion is about the IQ's of identical twins reared apart. There was an experiment conducted to estimate the heritability. Each member of a pair of a genetically identical individuals were assigned to be different environments entirely at random at the moment of conception, and then determine the correlation between the pairs at some later stage of their development. There will be no correlation between genotypes and environments. Other than that, we would like to discuss something which is also related to the IQ, This would be more detail about the inherited IQ. Genes are very strong influence over the parts of our brains develop, scientists in the US and Finland have found. And the parts most influenced are those that govern our cognitive ability. In short, we inherit our IQ. Referring to the Baby Geniuses movie, we can also discuss about the Studies of Reared-Apart (Separated) Twins: Facts and Fallacies. In this studies, its shown that twin studies supply the most frequent cited evidence as the part of genetic importance which influences the differences of human behavioral. Twin studies mostly is based on classical twins method comparisons between identical and fraternal twin pairs reared together in the same family home.

SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF GENETIC STUDY OF INTELLIGENCE: Throughout history racism has been centered on phenotypic differences between races such as skin color. Also, there was a multitude of false information that was created by racism, for example, the claim that certain races have the predisposition to be less intelligent than others. In 1994, Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray published The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. This controversial bestseller differences between races and classes were the result of differences in inherited intelligence which could not be changed. This has caused many people in the scientific community to question if the study of intelligence can remain societally neutral. Roberts

The idea of nature is that a person's development is predisposed in their DNA and refers to inherited tendencies/abilities that people have. The idea of nurture is that a person’s development is influenced by their life experiences and environment. Nature uses the genetic coding to help physical development and does influence some positive or negative traits to an individual. However, it is nurture that improves positive traits and decrease the effect of negative traits in a person.

Have you ever wondered “Why does she act like this?” Well, nature and nurture can help with that. Nature is what makes up who you are in the future. It takes all of the things from the past and ties them together to make who you are now. It changes in what you see, hear, think, and do. Everyone has something in common. Nurture is great just like nature, but it has some things that are different. Nature is how a child is raised by society and friends. It changes how you act, look, and feel about yourself. Things that happen in your childhood affect how you are now. Out in town could affect how you feel about things. Nature and nurture are both important to everyone. They both affect how you learn and grow. Everything has a

Nature or Nurture? It is a very difficult question to answer, because some people think people born the way they will act later in life. Others think it is the environment and who they live with is what affects they way they behave later. So is it genes or environment?

Intelligent is something we adopt in genetic nature and environment nature. The simirality between genetic and environment is that both are depend on how a person raised. Nairne gave us an example of twins who separated from birth, the mean correlation coefficient would be .72 while twins who grew up together the mean correlation coefficient would be .86. This mean that the closer the overlap in genes, the more similar the IQs tests are. In environment intelligent, it also the pend on how closer people are depend on racial,ethnic,and socioeconomic groups. Nairne gaves us an example " not every Asian American scores high on an intelligence test, nor does every African American score low, the differences among scores within a population are

While this assumption is accepted by a majority of geneticists and behavioral scientists, there is great disagreement on the degree of influence each contributes. Arguments for environmental influences are compelling; at the same time there is growing evidence that genetic influence on intelligence is significant and substantial (Eyesenck, 1998; Mackintosh, 1998; Plomin, 1994; Steen, 1996). The purpose of this paper is to explore the question: "How is intelligence influenced by heredity and environment?"