Naxalism: Threat to Internal Security

Nanda notes that the Indians’ success in the global market have attributed to Hindu values. These are constantly promoted by media and politicians. Ultra nationalism, worshiping Hindu gods and India itself has become a civil religion.

The red guard movement can be primarily explained two different theories. The first theory is the lack of political cohesion and party factionalism among the elites starting during the Great Leap Forward, which boiled into 100 Flowers Campaign and then subsequently the Cultural Revolution (Meisner, 1999). It is the battle between these elite factions and the prohibition of dissent which resulted in the creation of the Red Guards, which in effect served as agent for the Maoist faction (Yang, 2000). The second theory would be the breakdown of societal institutions, such as education, leading up to

In the country there is some political unrest between the major parties such as the largest party in Nepal, the Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist), which is the second largest, and the third, the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). It was most prevalent in 1996 as the Communist party of Nepal launched a civil war that lasted 10 years and claimed the lives of 13,000 lives . This conflict led to an agreement between parties to keep the civil unrest quelled, and in turn

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

q. This shows that Nationalism still plays a large role in keeping India together, regardless of their diverse religious identities. Secularism

to test their fate, another quickly emerging option was to join the underground drug trafficking market. The changing climate in the drug trafficking world did not go without having any effect on the corridos, of course.

Written by Horace Miner, this essay of the people group Nacirema is an interesting look at their everyday functions. The tribe Miner describes is seemingly primal and uncivilized, and yet somewhat familiar. The entire account of these mysterious people describes unusual and strange behaviors and activities. The brief overview on the Nacirema is graphic from Miner’s point of view. When the meaning of the story becomes clear, the purpose for writing it becomes either humor or disdain.

This consisted of intellectuals with capitalist attitudes or any individual which did not comply with Maoist thought. Other than Mao’s firm belief that the continuity of the revolution will eventually ride out capitalist ideologies, the Red Guards were merely the impetus to the radicalisation of anything that represented traditional China. The youth did this by following the three major objectives: the first being public humiliation, the second being abuse and ultimately persecution of the individual (Szczcpanksi, 2015). The Red Guards gradually started to become more independent and with it extremist attitudes doubled. With Mao’s assurance that ‘To Rebel is justified’, there was no denying the extensive lengths the activists took to reform the socialist components of China. DISCUSS WHAT THEY DID – BURNING OF BUILDINGS AND SO

Mao Zedong leader of the (CDC) advocated guerrilla fighting which he said is “a powerful special weapon with which we resist the Japanese and without which we cannot defeat them. And it can only succeed if employed by revolutionaries because it is a political and military style. guerrilla warfare is a way for the Chinese to expel an intruder that has more arms, equipment, and troops. Where the industrial nations stressed such tangible military factors such as arms, logistics and manpower; Mao focused on the intangibles which are time, space and will. Not being able to fight a well- equipped army in the field, Mao avoided battles by giving territory to the

It is clear that Mao’s initial goal was to gain power in China, which is demonstrated by his determination to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang (KMT) via his idiosyncratic version of communist revolution. In order to do so, Mao utilised methods he deemed most suitable for the communists and, more broadly, Chinese society. For example, unlike his Marxist predecessors, Mao believed that peasants, not urban workers, were the key to rebellion in China. Subsequently, in 1926, he organised peasant unions

Analysts agree that TNCs have altered the international relations principles that were once dominated by nation-state relations (Kline, 2005).Transnational Corporations have in many ways exploited the weaknesses in the territorially guarded national laws. In many developing countries, organizations affiliated to external control have challenged and in some instances threatened government sovereignty. Economically stable countries such as the United States of America, have attempted to extend their influence to other countries of the world through TNC. This situation is what led to governments endorsing the non-interference policy in national political affairs (United Nations, 2003). Interesting to note is the role that non-governmental organizations played in this debate. Nongovernmental organizations have been known to not only exert political pressure on governments with little democratic space, but also collaborate with TNCs in this quest. (Heinrich, 2001). For example, many NGOs sort the active involvement of TNC in removal of the apartheid regime in South Africa. This in return, has created tension between these governments and the NGOs with the NGOs calling for the increased political involvement of the TNCs.

After a bitter civil war (1946-1949), which faced the major Chinese parties Kuomintang and CCP, Kuomintang’s defeat, evidenced with Chiang’s and 200.000 people´s fled to Formosa, Mao Zedong (1893-1976), born in Shoshan, Hunan, proclaimed the new People´s Republic of China with himself as both Chairman of the CCP and President of the republic in October 1949. How did the under numbered and weak CCP, founded by the same person in 1921 manage to survive several extermination campaigns and re-organize the party to win the civil war, crushing opposition and establish the Chinese

The traditional security paradigm is focused on physical and external security threats to states. It promotes that security should be state centred and national security is primary over other securities, such as human security. States must defend their territory and authority from external, foreign threats, by physical means, such as increasing the military or

Chhattisgarh is a predominantly rural state with one fifth of the population living in urban areas. It also has a large tribal population; 30% of the population is tribal. It is home to many of the primitive tribes of India and has a high concentration of Gonds who inhabit the hilly region of the state. Literacy levels are low, particularly for females (Table 1.1).

The security dilemma is a fundamental concept in IR originate in John Herz’s writing provided the definition of security dilemma back in 1951 “a structural notion in which the self-help attempts of states to look after their security needs tend, regardless of intention, to lead to rising insecurity to others as each interprets its own measures as defensive and measures of others as potentially threatening” (Herz, 1950: 157) which is a classic definition heavily associates with realism. In international system, where there are no world governments or police to provide security for states as a result state exist in an anarchy and the only way to ensure their own security is through self-help. In short, security dilemmas caused by anarchy, however, in this essay,