Negative Parenting, Negative Parenting Starts Aggressive Personalities Early?

In behavioural theorist B. F. Skinner 's perspective; an individuals personality development is heavily influenced by their environment and prior experiences (Sincero 2012) , he wrote that 'A person does not act upon the world, the work acts upon him ' (Skinner 1971) . Skinner proposed that the development of an individuals personality is largely dependant on the way in which significant adults in their lives would reward or punish then throughout the course of their childhood. (Carter Grivas 2005, p. 407-408) Therefore, children and adolescents raised by abusive and aggressive parents are more inclined to also be come aggressive and hostile towards peers. (Hellesvig-Gaskell n.d)

A parent’s parenting styles are as diverse as the world we live in today. Nowadays, parents only want what is best for their children and their parenting styles plays a crucial role in the development of children which will in the long run, not only effect the child’s childhood years, but later prolong into their adult life as well.

Parenting and attachment styles influence the temperament during infancy and toddler years. Parenting styles are strategies and techniques that parents use during child rearing. Attachment refers to a secure emotional connection, such as a union among a mother and child. Temperament is the nature of an individual in which affects behavior. Parenting and attachment work hand in hand with influencing the temperament of the child. Three types of children are form upon identifying the characteristics of their behavior; the easy child, the difficult child and the slow-to-warm-up child (Berk, 2010). The easy child embrace new experiences and form consistent schedules. The difficult child is challenged by new experiences and often display negative reactions. The slow-to-warm-up child shy away from routine and gradually envelope new experiences. These characteristics of the child ultimately express their social-emotional development, which is influenced by their initial interaction with parents and caregivers. In example, the easy child’s parents provides high levels of trust, encouraging the infant with feeling secure. In return, the child feels as though the world is trustworthy, making is easier to face new experiences. This dictates the behavior they express toward others. Parenting and forms of attachment play an essential role in both the temperament and social-emotional development of the child. Furthermore, an analysis of the affects that authoritative and permissive

Temperament can be described as the natural mood disposition determined by genetics and biological influences and offer important clues about criminal behavior (Bartol & Bartol, 2011). Bartol and Bartol (2011) explain this with a real life example of how we approach our social environment and influences how the environment will interact back with us. This theory blossoms in correlation to a child’s up bringing and can be used to determine a child’s behavior later in life. The social environment can be created with a child’s involvement with their parents and their styles and boundaries growing up. So a parents approach to responding to a child’s behavior, nurturance and warmth will critically determine the parent-child relationship and may lead to more positive behaviors. Unfortunately, parental styles vary throughout all households and may predetermine a child’s temperament whether it be positive or negative. Children who display negative behaviors, low adaptability, and have high intensity are more likely to be antisocial later in life, which in

Hyperactivity, for example, is more frequent in children from families with marital discord, conflict and hostile parent-child relationships (Taylor, 1994). Parents of ADHD children are more likely to be more negative towards their children than other parents (Cunningham and Barkley, 1979), but this could be a response to the demands of living with a child with challenging behaviour (Barkley, 1990; Taylor, 1994). The progress of associated problems such as conduct disorder may also be parenting and social factors.

When the supposed parent doesn’t give enough attention to the kids, such kids are prone to violent attitude. Even, some parent practically exposed to their kids to violence indirectly. An example is when a parent takes an underage for a gun show. Of course, such kids would want to use it one day. Parents who engage in domestic violence always have a negative impact on the kids. According to a research (Harold & Sellers, 2018), “Interparental quality is regarded as a major determinant factor in the life of a child and adolescent psychopathology. Recent research has highlighted that children are affected by attributes of interparental conflict, specifically how parents express and manage conflicts in their relationship, across a continuum of expressed severity and negativity – ranging from silence to violence.” The article further reveals evidences that children's emotional, behavioral, social, academic outcomes, and future interpersonal relationships are adversely affected by conflict between parents either divorced or still living together. The research article is based on Historical and it is a clinically oriented. Some parents believe that parenting has a duration, therefore, once their children attain a certain age little or no correction is required from them. Good parenting does not have a duration, rather, it is a continuous

Much emphasis has been placed in the field of child development and the role that early providers possess when it comes to the needs of children at the early stages of life. Whether conceptualizing socialization and priming with Locke’s “tabula rosa/blank slate” or Rousseau’s “preassembled moral schema” approach to child development, this “window of opportunity” is both fleeting and permanent. Every interaction molds the individual into the person they are to become, and the bond that the dependent child forms with the caregiver is a precedent to the numerous relationships and attachments they will create as an adult. Granted that the provider/nurturer fulfills the needs of attachment and attentiveness for the offspring, this will determine the success of progressing through child developmental stages, and leads to a higher propensity of social adaptiveness. Inversely, if the aforementioned things are absent in a child’s early years, detrimental effects could occur, including stints in physical, social, and mental development. This is dependent upon the severity and duration of neglect, and has been seen in clinical cases that appears as psychological phenomena to both the general public, and researchers alike.

This investigation of maternal age is related to the area of study ‘sociocultural influences’ as it addresses the topics of family structures and environments and the ways in which these support the needs of the behavioural, cognitive and social and emotional development of children aged 0-8 years, as well as the roles and responsibilities of parents in the nurturing of children.

It is common for parents and their children to have disagreements and to have arguments but sometimes these disagreements can turn into abuse. Children usually use violence to try to “control or bully them” (Parenting and Child Health, n.d.) This violence usually occurs when the child “frightens, threatens or physically hurts them. It can involve using abusive language, pushing, shoving, kicking, throwing things, or threatening with knives or other weapons” ((Parenting and Child Heathen’s.) Children may abuse their parents due to the normalization of that parent getting abused by the other parent within their household. The child may use the parent that abusing the other parent as a model for the way they should act towards their parent as well and justify their actions simply as something that they observed in their household. The violence that children commit against their parents affects that subsystem because it leaves it broken. There is a strain within the parent and child relationship that forms a direct result of constant conflict and abuse between the child and parent. Sometimes, in child-child relationships, an older sibling may become “more aggressive” with their younger sibling because of the abuse that they have witnessed and been exposed to. (Fantuzzo, Mohr, 1999) The children can become socialized by the parents to believe that

All parenting styles associate with the area of a child’s social skills, educational capability, psychosocial growth, and also the negative actions of a child. Parenting is extremely important in a child’s life in order to have a happy and successful life without dealing with unnecessary negative issues that can arise. This portion of the proposal describes literature relevant to the proposed study of this topic. It is organized into four sections: (1) the two aspects on how the parenting styles were based, (2) the four main types of parenting styles, (3) the effects that can result from the parenting styles, and (4) evaluation for results of previous research. The detail of effects on a child’s behavior will be further discussed in the methods section of the proposed study.

S. Lee, J. Manganello, J. Rice, C. Taylor (2010) preformed a study to understand childhood aggression. The journal article of Mothers’ Spanking of 3-Year-Old Children and Subsequent Risk of Children’s Aggressive Behavior starts by saying that they are not the first to perform this research and many of studies have displayed connection between corporal punishment with children and child aggression. They are testing their research with new controlling factors, which have not been controlled together before. (Lee et al., 2010) The main goal of the article is to determine the association between the use of corporal punishment against 3-year-old children and recognize later aggressive behavior among those children.

If the hypothesis is supported; the relationship between permissive parenting and high degrees of aggressive behaviour may be attributed to the behavioural control techniques implemented by permissive parents. Parental behavioural control which is inadequate such as insufficient regulation and monitoring is commonly reported along with negative child and adolescent development outcomes, such as excessive

Parenting styles are the strategies that parents use to raise their children. Moreover, these styles are strictly correlated with a child’s mental, physical, social and emotional development. Again, “the parenting styles refer to the manner in which parents raise their children”, explains ADLER University (1998). Every parent have their own ways of raising their children but, some parents raise their children according to their traditions or religions. Consequently, the strategies used by parents can affect a child’s well-being, either positively or negatively. Therefore, styles of parenting play a very important role in the life of a child. Again, styles of parenting correlates with the kind of relationship a parent

Researchers have found that children who express defiant, aggressive and explosive behavior by the time they’re in kindergarten is the result of the type of relationship they have with their parents (Stormshak, 2000). Parenting practices seem to have an influence on children’s behavior. There are four styles of parenting but only three appear to affect and damage a child. The first style is an authoritarian parent. This type of parent uses forceful measures to try to enforce proper behavior upon their child which results in the child being angry and resenting them. This form of parenting leads children to be angry, defiant, and lack motivation. The permissive parent is loving and often allows their child to do whatever it is they please, however,

Parent–child interaction is linked to a number of child outcomes, including levels of self–confidence and self–esteem, the quality of their close relationship and their emotional well–being (Parke and Buriel, 1998). One of the most difficult job of a person will ever have s being a parents. It plays an integral role in the development of a child and can influence child outcomes. Parenting styles have a great impact on a child’s attitude.