Neil Shubin Chapter Summary

In this book, Jeffrey Ogbar talks about the beginning of rap, where it started, some of the artists of this genre and some of the controversial topics the artists rap about. He also talks about the usage of the N word as well as men calling women the B word. In the first chapter of the book, Ogbar contextualizes the debate by talking about the history of the minstrel figure in American popular culture, relying mainly on the work of W. T. Lhamon and Patricia Hill Collins. He talks about how the earliest manifestations of hip-hop music in the 1970s came from the Black Power movement and often included direct rejections of minstrel tropes for example in the artist KRS-One’s song “My Philosophy”. Before going on a chronological study of the internal debates that many rappers have over their relationships with the minstrel trope, Ogbar finds the source of the debate in early twentieth-century black writers’, mainly W.E.B Du Bois, interest in elevating many portrayals of African Americans in the arts, versus Harlem Renaissance writers’ rejection of the emphasis on

The beginning of chapter 2 showed a cartoon of a woman telling someone under the bed to get ready for school. The cartoonist, Terry C. Wise, showed that instead of a child being under the bed, it was a full grown man (teacher). Wise used connotation in his cartoon to make the reader think it was a child being forced to get himself ready for school instead of the teacher being told to by his wife.

In chapter two Stephen McGlinchey explains what is diplomacy and how it helps countries. He defines diplomacy as “the process between actors” which means representatives from each country get together to achieve a common goal in a peaceful way. The authors also explained foreign policy which is when two states come together to see how they can achieve a common goal. This is where diplomacy lets the two countries meet and reach agreements in a peaceful manner. The author goes on to talk about how diplomacy has worked in the past such as with the Cuban Missile Crisis. Diplomacy can help states in various ways such as negotiation, preventing wars, and establishing a relationship with another state. One modern day example is the United States

In chapter 8 of Single Shard the royal emissary returned to Ch’ulp’o, Korea to see if any of the other potters from his first visit had new pottery to show him. A messenger was sent to see if Min had anything new, but Min just shooed him away.The emissary really liked Min’s work so he went to Min’s house in person to see if he had anything. The emissary wanted Min to send new pottery, so he could get a commission. The emissary told Min that he would be in Songdo and that if he wanted to send anything he could send it there. Min said no in the most polite way, because of his age and how weak he was and did not accept the offer.

Neanderthals were a species of archaic humans who migrated out of Africa and into Europe and Asia. However, around 40,000 years ago the large populations of Neanderthals died off and became extinct. The mysterious circumstances that surrounded their extinction drove various research teams to undertake the task of excavating numerous Neanderthal sites to collect fossilized bones, and artifacts in order to learn more about this group of ancestral humans. Over the past years, major technological advances have allowed researches to analyze the fossilized remains of the Neanderthals which led to major discoveries. For example, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology found that the ear ossicles of Neanderthals and modern humans had similar functions but differed in terms of structure. In the study, the researchers used high-resolution computer tomography (CT) to scan numerous Neanderthal skulls from different sites in order to determine if there are ossicles present in the middle ear cavity (tympanic membrane). The scans revealed ossicles in fourteen different skulls which came as a surprise to the researchers since the bones of the ossicles are fragile and break down easily in the soil. The researchers then used microcomputed tomography scans and 3D geometric morphometrics in order to virtually reconstruct the bones of the ossicles which are composed of the malleus, incus and stapes. The 3D reconstructions of the ossicles allowed the scientists to

Eric Schlosser starts with the scenery of Colorado Springs, how in just three decades it went from vast, open nature, to having fast food restaurants placed anywhere and everywhere readily accessible. A majority of land withholding pure nature and free roaming animals was a view to others, the opportunity to place mass fast food corporations. These mass fast food corporations have not only broadened the American’s average diet, it has also affected the landscape, culture, and the overall economy of America. The culture of the average citizen’s meal included going to the grocery store to buy food staples such as vegetables or meat, that were to be prepared later for homemade meals. Nowadays, the popular culture of American citizens is to hit

It lacks a backbone, but has a nerve cord that runs down its back and a rod that runs the length of its body parallel to the nerve cord that supports the body (notochord). Humans have a notochord as an embryo, but it breaks up and becomes part of the disks that lie between our vertebrae. Also shared with Amphioxus are gill arches, the bar of cartilage associated with each arch and the cartilage that form jaws, ear bones and our voice box.

The book Your Inner Fish by Neil Shubin is a journey into 3.5-billion-year history of the human body. The book is an entertaining and useful novel that demonstrates the evolution of some of our major structures through time. By analyzing fossils and DNA, the author shows us that our hands truly resemble fish fins, our head is organized like that of a long-extinct jawless fish, and that major parts of our genome look and function like those of worms and bacteria. The book takes us on a remarkable expedition in which it will show us our inner fish, reptile and

A study co-authored by Lauren Gonzales of Duke University and Fred Spoor of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology sheds some light on some long-held secrets of the ancient skull. Prior to their research, it was commonly thought and generally accepted that primate brains first grew in size, and then in complexity. However, the 3-D brain image that they were able to construct after using

The authors, Rita and Kenneth Dunn, shared several tactile learning activities in chapter 6 of Teaching Elementary Students Through Their Individual Learning Styles. I found the content of chapter 6 immensely interesting. I am currently in my thirteenth year of teaching and have taught in 4 different schools, which has allowed for me to see and use a vast array of learning activities. The Dunns’s chapter 6 was valuable because they shared activities I had not seen before. I plan to use at least three of the activities in the upcoming months. In addition, to the new activities, the Dunns used pictures, drawings and step by step instructions for creating the activities. Chapter 6 was both shared both new and valuable activities, along

I was very interested read this book. This book was interesting because it has a very exciting sequence of events from the very beginning. The content was cool and unpredictable. I would recommend this book to middle schoolers like myself who like a quick fun read. When Joe Stoshack dad ends up in the hospital after a car accident, he has two words to say to his son Mickey Mantle. For Stosh has a special power with a baseball card in hand, he can travel back in time. And his dad has a rare card Mantle's valuable 1951 rookie card. "I've been thinking about it for a long time. Go back to 1951. You're the only one who can do it," Dad whispers. So Joe Stoshack goes back in time by firmly holding a baseball card in one hand, Joe Stoshack can

Brain organs which are often used get larger while the less used get smaller making the skull to have indentations or bumps due to shrinking of some parts and enlarging of others. This according to phrenology show specific areas

IRREGULAR BONES are adapted to fulfil various functions. The vertebrae are examples of irregular bones with each section of the vertebra column adapted to fulfil the function for which they were designed. The first cervical vertebra is known as the atlas because it articulates (moves) with the skull. This vertebra has no body but instead has a large flat surface that articulates with the skull and provides a good base of support as well as allowing the skull to rotate freely. The second cervical vertebra is the axis which has a special process (sticky out bit) that passes up into the atlas allowing the head to pivot or rotate. The twelve thoracic vertebrae have a long spinous process which lock together to prevent excessive rotation and to

Made of flat bones, along with the mandible it forms the skull. The upper trapezius helps

We measured the skulls of Homo erectus, Australopithecus, Homo habilis, and Neanderthals species by measuring the widths, heights, and length of their craniums and the diameter of the eye socket (orbit height). We used measuring tape and calipers to measure these skulls by adjusting the calipers to a fast, for taking a precise measurement of the skull’s width, height, and length. We did not include the fins of some of these skulls when measuring the width; because these will make the measurements and the Encephalization Quotient (EQ) inaccurate. After we had got the precise measurement of each one of them at a time, we used a tape measure to gauge the distance between the ends of the caliper and recorded all the measurements on the data sheet