Neonatal Complications In Vacuum-Assisted Vaginal Delivery Research Paper

Injuries occurring during birth are denoted to as birth trauma or obstetrical injuries and they are associated with different etiological causes. The important causes of birth trauma are macrosomia, breech presentation, shoulder dystocia, and forceps-assisted deliveries [3]. Traumatizing maneuvers during the deliveries will result in these fractures in the assisted deliveries [4]. The trauma may occur due to use of forces, excessive traction or pulling, unintended pressure on soft organs such as eyes. Trauma to the limb usually occurs when the limb is pulled in cases of obstructed labor or shoulder dystocia (Head out, shoulder stuck). An Indian study on birth trauma revealed that the fractured clavicle was commonest bone fractured

Hypovolemic shock is an urgent condition of rapid reduction of circulatory volume in the body, which can be created due to blood or plasma or body fluids loss (Kettley & Marsh, 2016, p. 31; Perner & Backer, 2014, p. 613). Blood loss can be induced by internal or external injuries, excessive perspiration or diuretics (Craft & et al, 2015, p. 852). Maureen Hardy’s hypovolemia has been precipitated by hematemesis.

Consequently, cervical damage is another leading cause of long term complications following abortion. Normally the cervix is rigid and tightly closed. In order to perform an abortion, the cervix must be stretched open with a great deal of force. During this forced dilation there is almost always caused microscopic tearing of the cervix muscles and occasionally severe ripping of the uterine wall, as well. About 10% suffer immediate complications; one-fifth are life-threatening: • hemorrhage • infection • ripped or perforated uterus • cervical injury • embolism • anesthesia complications • convulsions • chronic abdominal pain • gastro-intestinal disturbances • endotoxin shock • second-degree burns • Rh

foetus or an embryo, an infant or an adult, an old person, or one suffering from an incurable

Fetal distress or birth asphyxia means that there has been a change in organ systems due to the lack of oxygen in the body. Breech delivery is when the babies buttock comes out first instead of the head during birth. “Meconium is when the baby’s first stool is passed during pregnancy into the amniotic fluid.” If the baby is born with nuchal cord this means that the umbilical cord was around the baby’s neck (http://www.lpch.org).

Vacuum assisted deliveries are a method to help facilitate a vaginal birth even if the mother is becoming to exhausted to push or if the baby has reached a difficult position during labor and is prevented from progressing. While the vacuum may be helpful for the labor it runs the risk of causing a subgaleal hemorrhage (SHG) in newborns this condition is a result of the connection between the sinuses of the scalp and the veins of the brain have been ruptured which causes bleeding and swelling of the head and can lead to severe hypovolemia and death (Davis, 2001). SGH occurrences after vacuum delivery are in the range of 26 to 45 per 1000 vaginal deliveries (Modanlou, 2010). In order to treat and correct SGH nurses are

It is easy to see that the medical abilities and tools we had 50 years ago are nothing in comparison to what we have today. Among these advances has been the extent to which we can prevent illness and disability. Fetal surgery first emerged in the 1980’s by Dr Michael Harrison aka “the father of fetal surgery,” when he decided to look into ways doctors could fix certain defects before birth to avoid their inevitable, devastating consequences. It has since expanded its practice to a number of hospitals across the country, although it is still an uncommon procedure. It involves opening up the mother 's uterus (just as a doctor would during a caesarean section) so that the fetus is exposed as much as needed to be operated on. The fetus is then put back and the uterus is closed until it is time for the mother to go into labor. The fetus is never detached from the mother and is essentially being operated on while inside the womb (Smajdor). While it may seem like a positive life changing procedure, there are many perspectives out there that support

In 2006, data was collected on 303 babies who were diagnosed with anencephaly and were not terminated. Of those 303 babies, about 40% were born prematurely (before 37 weeks) and 4% beyond 42 weeks. Two-thirds of the mothers were either induced or had a planned cesarean section for those born at term. Polyhydramnios was present in 30% of the cases which accounted for 60% of those born prematurely. When delivered by cesarean section, 4% died during birth, 53% died within twenty-four hours, 30% lived up to five days, and 13% lived longer than six days. For vaginal births, 37% of babies died during birth when a doctor or midwife ruptured the amniotic bag, opposed to 18% if the amniotic bag ruptured naturally.

On today’s evaluation, she is 19 weeks and the fetal measurements overall are concordant. The long bone measurements are within one week of her dates. The amniotic fluid volume is normal, and the cervix is long and closed. A complete fetal anatomical survey was performed and a significant amount of ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalous was identified but no other major malformations were noted at this time, though due to the

The purpose of this handbook is to advise expectant mothers to avoid getting a C- section when it is time for them to give birth. In addition, the report discusses what a C-section is and the risk factors associated with it. This report points out that many doctors and hospitals tend to preform unnecessary C-sections in order to gain more money.

ABS is the cause of many miscarriages, the most common reason is when the umbilical cord is constricted by ABS(17). It is believed that approximately 178 of every 10,000 miscarriages that occur are due to the development of ABS (Amniotic). If the band wraps around the umbilical cord that supplies blood and nutrition to the developing baby, it can cause intrauterine growth retardation (Amniotic). In serious cases, this may lead to fetal death. Children most severely affected have deformities that cannot be repaired. These deformities will eventually lead to death (Amniotic).

One of the most heavily performed surgeries on pregnant women is the caesarean section, also known as c-section, however many women are unaware of the complications, risks, and benefits to such an intense procedure. Most don’t even know that it is considered a major surgery. Many women are having caesarean sections in today’s society due to health risks to the mother and child and the mother’s personal choices, the number of surgeries performed yearly have been increasing steadily. We will explore this rising trend and see what the pros and cons are to this surgery and why it is occurring at a more rapid rate than ever before.

On ultrasound, there is a live fetus in breech presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with a due date of 08/24/17. A detailed anatomic survey did note a persistent right umbilical vein but no other structural abnormalities were seen. Specifically, cardiac and renal evaluation was normal. There was a normal 3-vessel

A clinical issue, observed while on placement include the lack of consistency in the approach for pushing during the second stage of labour and the high level of perineal trauma.

Pregnancy is normally the best and the happiest stage of any woman, but it can also be uncertain because anything can go wrong if you do not know exactly what to do. In order to understand the reasons of why Preterm Birth occurs, it is important to know what it is and how risky it can be. Preterm Birth is also known as Premature labor which mainly begins after “20 weeks but before 37 completed week’s gestations. Approximately 12.9 million babies worldwide are born too early every year representing an incidence of PTB of 9.6%” (Berghella, pp. 2, 8). Baby Center Medical Advisory Board says that about 12 percent of babies