Neonatal Hypertension

Fetal distress or birth asphyxia means that there has been a change in organ systems due to the lack of oxygen in the body. Breech delivery is when the babies buttock comes out first instead of the head during birth. “Meconium is when the baby’s first stool is passed during pregnancy into the amniotic fluid.” If the baby is born with nuchal cord this means that the umbilical cord was around the baby’s neck (http://www.lpch.org).

Humans are indeed fallible and there should be a check system in place when administering any medication, particularly to at risk patients such as newborns.

According to the World Health Organisation [WHO] (2014) pre-term babies are at increased risk of illness, disability and death. It also states that globally 15 million babies are born pre-term and the figures are rising. In England and Wales during 2012 7.3% of live births were pre-term under 37 weeks nearly 85% of all babies born prematurely will have a very low birth weight (Office for National Statistics, 2012). Pre-term birth is associated with respiratory complications and lung disease, long-tern neurological damage and problems with bowel function (Henderson & Macdonald, 2011). Neonatal services provide care to babies who are born prematurely or are ill and require specialist care. It is seen that sixty per cent of infant deaths occur in the neonatal period (DH,

Premature newborns have an increased risk of complications because their bodies still have underdeveloped parts such as the lungs, digestive system, immune system, and skin. Thus, promoting oxygenation, nutrition, and fluid balance, maintaining thermal regulation, resuscitation and transferring the newborn to NICU unit will help the child to get better (Ricci el., 2017, pg. 887).

Jace Sauseda Clinical Rotation Mrs. Ysaguirre 17 November 2015 NICU Clinical Report At the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit doctors, nurses, and all staff unite together with one primary goal for each new life they receive, that goal being to achieve the best outcome for each premature and critically ill baby. The NICU, at University Hospital, care for 600 infants annually. Inside is a 58-bed facility, offering the highest level care led by on-site neonatologist (University Health system). The (NICU) is specialized to care for premature infants (those less than 37 weeks gestation) as well as sick newborns.

The list of proposed chronic abnormalities is lengthy. To this date, research has confirmed the following: 1) SIDS is due to a dysfunction of the cardiac and/or respiratory systems, and 2) the death of the infant is due to hypo-ventilation of the lungs and periods of complete cessation of breathing or apnea. Hypo-ventilation and apnea cause hypo-perfusion of the tissues with necessary oxygen. Ischemia of tissues results and eventually causes death. Research now centers around discovering the cause of infant hypo-ventilation and apnea.

An unplanned extubation (UE) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is an unforeseen occurrence observed due to various factors. One of these is due to the lack of a procedural standardization among healthcare providers. This is notably evident when staff is handling the infant during daily assessments and when care is rendered. The reason this issue was selected was because of the potential serious complications or death that a can occur to a patient due to the lack of procedural standardization, preventing UE is the issue that will be addressed.

As neonatologists routinely coordinate the care of their patients with several other healthcare specialists such as obstetricians, attending physicians, pediatricians, nurse practitioners, and even family physicians regarding treatment and care options for conditions affecting newborns, it is imperative that neonatology medical coders be adept at researching,

It should be noted that the pt was meconium aspirated via a 3.0 ETT only several minutes after PPV was applied. It is likely that this further worsened the pt’s meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). MAS is a life threatening condition in which the fetus aspirates a mixture of meconium (initial intestinal discharge passed by the fetus) and amniotic fluid in utero. 30-50% of MAS patients require either MAV or CPAP post resuscitation (2). Complications associated with MAS include aspiration pneumonitis (lung tissue inflammation), PPHN (persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn), surfactant inactivity, and increased risk of lung infection (3). Tracheal suctioning is recommended in newborns with meconium who are non vigorous prior to application of PPV as this will prevent PPV from pushing the aspirated meconium deeper into the lung (2). By neglecting to meconium aspirate pt. x before PPV application, the resuscitation team put the pt. at greater risk for the development of the above mentioned complications associated with MAS.

The article titled Learning Lessons from Adverse Drug Reactions in Children by Helen M. Sammons and Imti Choonara evaluated Drug Toxicity in Neonates and Infants. Sammons and Choornara explained mechanisms that contribute to Adverse Drug Reactions and ways to avoid them during future treatment. The article was separated into several key parts beginning with the evaluation of Drug Toxicity by definition and the various types of Drug Toxicity. The authors explain that the toxic effects occurred in children for several reasons. In the past the Surface Area to Weight ratio was not properly taken into consideration when medications were administered. Several medications were administered concurrently to treat the same condition without proper evaluation of potential effects on patients. Last, often times there are unknown mechanisms that contribute to the adverse reactions. The article closed

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common lung disorder that mostly affects preterm infants. RDS is caused by insufficient surfactant production and structural immaturity of the lungs leading to alveolar collapse. Clinically, RDS presents soon after birth with tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, hypercapnia, and/or an oxygen need. The usual course is clinical worsening followed by recovery in 3 to 5 days as adequate surfactant production occurs. Research in the prevention and treatment of this disease has led to major improvements in the care of preterm infants with RDS and increased survival. However, RDS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the most preterm infants. This chapter reviews the most current evidence-based management of RDS, including prevention, delivery room stabilization, respiratory management, and supportive care.

Newborn babies are considered to be premature if they are born before 37 completed weeks of gestation. (Petrini et al., 2009) Early intervention (EI) for premature infant means providing interventional therapy specified for them. (Meena et al., 2012) EI encourages child health, reduces developmental delays, cures existing disabilities and inhibit functional deterioration. (Meena et al., 2012). In this essay, we will discuss about 2 common conditions seen in premature infants, respiratory distress syndrome and metabolic bone disease.

Despite its prevalence, we currently have no effective treatment for IUGR other than close monitoring and premature delivery of the baby. Worldwide, 10% of neonatal mortality can be put down to prematurity, but the risks do not stop there – respiratory problems, feeding difficulties, and neurological problems also increase in incidence as gestational age at delivery decreases. Furthermore, IUGR babies are at an increased risk of cardiovascular problems, obesity and type II diabetes in adulthood, diseases which the health system is currently plagued with. Together, these issues place a considerable burden on healthcare providers in both the short and long term to the cost of up to $300 000 NZD per child, along with an intangible cost to the families of the children. However, despite the significance of this problem, our knowledge of the pathophysiology leading to IUGR is limited, and so developing effective treatments for IUGR has been exceptionally

Many feeding and swallowing interventions are implemented in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) to maximize the quality of life and prevent any future feeding issues (ASHA Pediatric Dysphagia). Preterm infants born at

The pioneering applications of pharmacometabolomics in the field of pediatric medicine include the gestational age-related metabolic maturation, the intrauterine growth retardation, the perinatal asphyxia, the inborn errors of metabolism, the respiratory distress syndrome; the patent ductus arteriosus, renal and respiratory diseases, drug treatments and even, the maternal milk