Neuro Endoscopy Essay

1. Name the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

The surgical technologist can chose to specialize in neurology. Neurosurgery is one of the most sophisticated specialties with its advanced surgical procedures. The nervous system entails the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and the structures around them. The procedures can be anything from congenial defects, traumatic injury, and cancers. An example of neurosurgery is the craniotomy. This involves an incision of the cranium so the surgeon can access the brain. Cranioplasty is a procedure that repairs defects in the skull. This procedure is done to relieve headaches, and to prevent secondary injury to the brain (AST, 2014, pp 1142-1149).

In the second session your Neuro-therapist will complete a thorough assessment with you and have you fill out a survey listing your symptoms or challenges that brought you in. We will go over the brain map with you and show you where and if you have any areas of dysregulation. We will explain just how NFB may help with your

During the procedure, that patient is anesthetized, either under general anesthesia (such as for trauma, strokes, or a number of other procedures) or local anesthesia so that the patient may be awake for the procedure (such as for some tumor removals or seizure treatments to tissue damage that would impair the patient or electrocorticography). The patient’s head is shaved, the incision site is marked, and the surgical area is sterilized. The patient’s head is placed in a device to hold it in place during the procedure. A craniotomy drape is placed over the patient, leaving the patient ready for the procedure.

Awake craniotomy is needed for epilepsy surgery when intraoperative electrocorticography is required to define resection margins.1

Surgeons can use MISS to enter the spinal canal via smaller incisions. They will use tools like surgical retractors that help them to hold the incision open during the procedure. While the incisions will be smaller, they will also be deeper. This means that the ability to visualize is even more important. A surgical retractor with an integrated light source can thus provide multiple benefits in MISS procedures. The surgeon will be able to see more and be better able to move around in highly sensitive areas.

12 pairs of somatic nerves (1 left nerve + 1 right nerve each) that are associated with voluntary control of muscles, and usually supply innervation to structures in the head and neck - the exception being the vagus nerve. They are either afferent (sensory), efferent (motor), or a mixture of the two.

Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is a procedure to destroy or cut portions of a chain of nerves that runs along your spine inside your chest (sympathetic nerve chain). In this procedure, a surgeon inserts a a flexible telescope with an attached camera (endoscope) through small cuts (incisions) under your arm. The surgeon uses the endoscope to perform surgery through these incisions with special tools (thoracic endoscopy).

(1) A cardinal sign of inflammation is acute pain. The inflammatory response functions to remove the injurious stimuli, which is recognize by the efferent role of nociceptors, and begin cell healing. This process involves chemical mediators, which rush to the receptors on the primary sensory nociceptive neurons in the peripheral nervous system through vasodilation and extravasation. This can occur in injured skin, joints, and muscles. Specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs) such as resovlins resolve the acute inflammation and inhibit inflammatory pain through directly binding to nociceptor receptors. Resolvin also activates ChemR23 which effectively inhibits the pain transduction ion channel TRPV1. This acute pain and initial inflammation is protective in nature.

First and foremost, to qualify as a neurosurgeon, one must attend and complete a plethora of educational courses. Looking ahead, a surgical physician will pursue “four years of pre-medical education at a college or university and four years of medical school” whilst up and coming neurosurgeons will continue with a “one year internship, five to seven year residency, and a one to two year fellowship”, specializing in neurosurgery for all three (“What Is a Neurosurgeon?”). Because surgery is such a competitive and dangerous practice, individuals must take part in several rigorous years of study. Surgeons must not only possess medical knowledge, but be able to responsibly and rationally compose decisions that are specific to each case. Does this patient need surgery? When does it need to

In the past 10 years, Dr Teo has studied neuro-endoscopy in the United States. Where he enjoyed studying minimally invasive

Selective Endoscopic Discectomy (or Percutaneous Discectomy Microdecompressive Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy with Laser Thermodiskoplasty) is a new procedure to shrink and remove herniated disc.Using local anesthesia and the help of x-rays for guidance, specially designed micro-instruments, the discectome and a laser probe are inserted into the herniated disc space and the disc is removed by suction, and then shrunk by the laser, instead of the open surgery. Selective Endoscopic Discectomy is different from standard lumbar disc surgery because there is no muscle dissection or bone removal. There is only one tiny incision to accommodate the micro-instruments, inserted into the herniated disc. Most complications that occur with surgery are eliminated

Transsphenoidal surgery is known as a common and least invasive operation that uses a long, thin instrument that is inserted with an endoscopic apparatus view the inside of the patient’s head. It is inserted into the nasal cavity, through to the sphenoid cavity, pierces a hole through the cartilage and through to the PA to be removed (Andaluz, 2016). A craniotomy is a more invasive approach and requires part of the skull to be removed in order to extract the PA.

In the last decade, many interesting studies were published in the literature about the use of surgery to speed up biological tooth movement in the context of orthodontics. These procedures may involve Distraction of the periodontal ligament (PDL), Distraction of the dento-alveolus, Alveolar decortication, and Corticision. Some of these procedures add bioabsorbable grafts to increase the bone volume.

Microsurgical transsphenoid surgery for pituitary adenomas has been the standard treatment for decades [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Among various techniques, Sublabial transseptal and transnasal transseptal approachs are the most commonly used [3, 4, 5,]. Since the endoscope became popular in paransal sinus surgery [6, 7], it has increased the interest of neurosurgeons for its use in transsphenoid surgeries. In late nineties a large series of endoscopic pituitary surgeries by Jho and Carrau [8, 9] and Cappabeenca et al. [12] increased the sudden interest in this technique worldwide. Jankowski et al. [10] first reported endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary adenoma in 3 patients. A panoramic view inside the surgical area, close up of anatomy and an