Neuroanatomy Assignment 3 Assignment

22. The part of the lower brain located behind the pons that controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement is called the cerebellum.

The corticospinal pathway is also called the pyramidal system and provides conscious motor control over skeletal muscles.

Now, pick one of those muscles and trace their control from the appropriate brain structure all the way to the NMJ. Be sure to include all intermediate structures, synapses, plexuses and nerves.

45.Cerebellum: the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance.

a) The structures and the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system that are involved in

In the organization of the Human Nervous System it is divided into sections such as the sensory system, which gathers and process information from the surrounding environment: motor systems which responds from environment by sending signals and information to facilitate movement behavioral responses and the associational system which is a meditator from most multifaceted and least problematic brain functions. Within these different functions of the nervous system it is divided into two components where these functions can happen the central nervous system that comprises of brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous system that embodies nerves and ganglia.

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Precision hand motions are controlled by the motor cortex (M1) and the corticospinal system. (Perez, 2015). The corticospinal system is also known as the pyramidal tracts. It is the upper motor neurons that go to the

The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Its main functions include: processing, integrating, and coordinating sensory information and motor instructions. The sensory data conducts information that is being processed from internal and external conditions the body is experiencing. Motor commands regulate and control peripheral organs (skeletal muscles). The brain functions under memory, emotions, learning, and intelligence. The PNS consist of the neural tissue found outside of the CNS. It functions in sending data to the CNS which motor commands are than carried out to the peripheral tissues/systems. Multiple nerve fibers send sensory data and motor commands in the PNS. The nerves that assist with transmitting data include the cranial nerves and spinal nerve. However, the PNS can be divided into afferent (to bring in) and efferent (to bring out) divisions of transferring data. The afferent division functions in bringing in sensory data to the CNS. Sensory structures are receptors that detect internal/external environmental change and adjusting accordingly. The efferent division functions in carrying out motor commands from the CNS to glands, muscles, and adipose tissue. The efferent division contains somatic

The neurological support for phonation is similar to the neurological support for respiration. The support for both of them come from the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, phrenic nerve, and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (phonation). Additionally, both systems rely on the bilateral pyramidal tracts as well such as, the corticobulbar tract and the corticospinal tract. The vagus nerve innervates the cricothyroid to move the cricoid cartilages that function as an attachment site for muscles, cartilages, and ligaments involved in opening and closing the airway and producing speech. Damage to the central nervous system might cause damage to these vital structures for phonation and respiration causing the voice quality to be altered. An example of

It also sends information from the brain through different fibers to the glands and muscles.

The Glossopharyngeal Nerve has a series of mixed nerves, with the sensory, motor and parasympathetic

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system work together to collect information from within the body and from the environment outside it. The systems process all the collected information and send instructions to the body; to obtain an appropriate response. Once the data arrives, the brain will sort and file it before sending out any commands on what to do. The central system is the main command center of the body that contains the brain as well as the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system contains a network of nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system.

The two components of the central nervous system (CNS) are the brain and the spinal cord. Communication between the brain and the spinal cord happens through motor neurons, which are nerve cells that enable motor movement. Each motor neuron is made up of a cell body, which holds all the cell components, dendrites which send information it receives to the cell body, and an axon which sends nerve impulses to the muscle (Porth & Matfin, 2009). As electrical impulses are sent through the motor neuron, it stimulates the muscle fibers in the body to move. This is the process in which motor function happens. Therefore, the basic abilities to breathe, speak, swallow, walk and button a shirt are

     The brain is aware of its surroundings, via input from the spinal cord and cranial nerves. Cranial nerves with sensory functions allow us to smell and see. Nerves with both motor and sensory functions are responsible for everything from tasting and chewing, to breathing and the heating of your heart. Many of the little things we take for granted are also made possible by cranial nerves.