Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

The players of a high school football team were traveling home from their football game in Fernandina Beach, Florida. It had been a tough night. It was August and still hot. The game had lasted three hours, and the players had to play offense, defense, and special teams because there

Watching my friends’ face quiver in disgust after recounting my experience of a videofluoroscopicy and my excitement from viewing the barium travel through the oropharyngeal and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, I realized I wanted to study the extraordinary field of Communication Sciences and Disorders. During my undergraduate career at East Carolina University, my anatomy and physiology class further fostered my enthusiasm for the field when discovering how intricate and complex it is for the human body to perform a simple task such as breathing and swallowing. I was able to utilize my thirst for knowledge of the human anatomy working in Dr. Perry’s Speech Imaging and Visualization Laboratory and enhance my writing skills by reviewing peer reviewed journal articles. Ultimately working and observing lab assistants create 3D anatomical models of the laryngeal mechanism, velopharyngeal mechanism, swallowing mechanism, skull and cranium,

Some of the duties of a speech pathologist are, but are not limited to, evaluate patients’ levels of speech, language, or swallowing difficulty, identify treatment options, teach patients how to make sounds and improve their voices, work with patients to develop and strengthen the muscles used to swallow, and counsel patients and families on how to cope with communication and swallowing disorders (Duties, www.bls.org, 2015). ‘If the speech-language pathologists work in medical facilities, they work with physicians and surgeons, social workers, psychologists, and other healthcare workers’ (Duties, www.bls.org, 2015).

NSOMEs delineate from phonetic placement and sound modification procedures that are used in traditional articulation therapy due to the fact that they are not directly related to the act of speech (Muttiah, Georges, & Brackenbury, 2011). Phonetic treatments also target

Occupational Therapy is a growing field; one that is constantly changing as technology becomes more advanced. There are different techniques and methods used in this field, as well as the field of physical therapy, in order assist in client advancement and growth. The traditional method being discussed is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation also known as PNF and the contemporary technique is Kinesio Taping. These techniques and methods came about for the same purpose, and that is to ultimately help both the Practitioners and of course clients they work with.

A spinal cord stimulation trial is a test to see whether a spinal cord stimulator reduces your pain. A spinal cord stimulator is a small device that is attached to your back. The stimulator has small wires (leads) that connect it to your spinal cord. The stimulator sends electrical pulses through the leads to the spinal cord. These electrical pulses block the nerve impulses that cause pain.

For class requirements for her master’s degree in speech language pathology, Jennifer Allison, from Southern Illinois University, researched the advantages and disadvantages of using FEES (fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing) versus videofluroscopy (such as VFSS, or Modified Barium Swallow (MBS)). There has been a lack of research to determine the gold-standard for assessing dysphagia especially for the pediatric population. VFSS and FEES can be compared based on each procedure’s ability to enable feedback during intervention, assess sensory threshold, evaluate and diagnose GER, provide patient comfort, and assess a wide range of appropriate candidates.

The purpose of the study is to assess the immediate responsiveness of conditioned pain modulation (CPM; formerly known as diffuse noxious inhibition control or DNIC) as an outcome variable and its association with neck pain and global rating of change (GROC) in neck function among chronic neck pain sufferers between the 1st to 5th years from the onset of condition. Chronic neck pain is largely non-specific in nature and requires a biopsychosocial understanding of risk factors to mitigate their poor outcome. Practice guidelines highlight the importance of classifying these patients, which includes a biopsychosocial perspective for effective intervention (Cote et al 2016). Recent evidence also points to the success of personalized pain management that is anchored on specific neurophysiologic mechanism underpinning the pain experience of each individual (Nir and Yartniksy 2015). There is emerging evidence that simultaneously evaluating this neurophysiologic mechanism, along with biopsychosocial variables identified risk factors related to the development of chronic neck pain at one year (Shahidi et al 2015). There is extensive literature on pain and function outcome variables relating to biopsychosocial factors. In the past few years, there is growing evidence in the neurophysiologic mechanisms literature that includes CPM/DNIC’s validity and reliability in various chronic pain states. There is a call for CPM/DNIC to be used as outcome variable because it signifies the status

It has potential to help many people with their afflictions. For the pain in the body, the “natural painkillers” work to help people heal faster and more effectively (Mann). For dysphagia, the opportunities taken from them such as the ability to eat all foods and overall quality of life can be regained. With such high, and increasing, fatalities due to dysphagia, a solution needs to be reached. This is the solution. The inexpensiveness of this device and the results it prove its effectiveness. With more research, even more modifications to improve the device can be made and its benefits can be broadened for everyone to enjoy.

Teach your loved one new ways to swallow and use their muscles to get around their dysphagia.

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized communication synaptic area where an electrical nerve impulse is converted into an electrical stimulation, and once this process is executed, a muscle contraction is generated (Boron, Boulpaep, & Mocydiowski, 2012, p. 216). Lamentably, there are autoimmune disorders that disrupt the function of the NMJ leading to various neuromuscular disorders. In this midterm assignment, I will be presenting a rare autoimmune disease that alters the function of the NMJ resulting in a condition known as Myasthenia Gravis (MG). MG is an incessant autoimmune neuromuscular disease identified by fluctuating periods of a weakness of the skeletal muscles of the body. The National Institute of Neurological

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is the most-established member of the family of therapies known as neuromodulation, it is technology that acts upon nerves and alter nerve activity by delivering electrical stimuli directly to a target area (Chakravarthy et al. 2016). SCS is a clinical application arising directly from the revolutionary “gate-control” theory proposed by Melzack and Wall (1965) published in Science, a theory which proposed a hypothesis for an intrinsic pain control mechanism (Lazorthes et al. 2006). Spinal cord stimulation involve the placing a series of electrodes(4-16) mainly in epidural space overlying the dorsal columns at a vertebral level innervating painful area (Spincemaille GH 1999). A small extension cable carries low stimulus electrical current supplied from the pulse generator to the nerve fibre of the spinal cord which is connected to the electrode and power source, the generates the electrical stimulation, can either inhibit pain signals or stimulate neural impulses where they were

    Some patients will not be able to tolerate this technique as they feel like "gagging".

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and its all enveloped muscle fibers, where chemical transmission of electrical signal from motor neuron to muscle fiber occurs, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. In based on extensive data that is received from numerous studies, varying synaptically active molecules are released in the neuromuscular synapse(). With regard to the heterogeneity of skeletal muscle in the fiber types, it is enables to fulfill different types of function. These various functions are controlled by motor units and signaling pathways(). In recent years, the importance of different exercise and exercise training has been interested by investigators in the morphological,

We feel that if neurofeedback was better known to help PTSD, that it would be the first treatment used for those suffering. There are several cases of severe PTSD in which therapists and clients have reported that the clients got their lives back after completing Neurofeedback training.