Neuromuscular Junction Synapse

As result, the bonding causes the sodium and potassium gates to open. As result, end plate potential is formed and excites areas of muscle tissue. Action potential is created and the muscle moves or contracts.

Muscle contraction can be understood as the consequence of a process of transmission of action potentials from one neuron to another. A chemical called acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron. As the postsynaptic cells on the muscle cell membrane receive the acetylcholine, the channels for the cations sodium and potassium are opened. These cations produce a net depolarization of the cell membrane and this electrical signal travels along the muscle fibers. Through the movement of calcium ions, the muscle action potential is taken into actual muscle contraction with the interaction of two types of proteins, actin and myosin.

The components of the nervous system involved in the skeletal muscle movement is the motor division. The motor impulse moves through the body by traveling through efferent fibers. A motor unit is a neuron and also that is where all the other muscle fibers are connected.

The cell body comprises of the nucleus and other organelles (Ward, 2010). The nucleus contains the genetic code, and this is involved with protein synthesis (He, 2013). The dendrites receive information from other neurons which are located in a close proximity (Kalat, 1995). The terminal of an axon compresses into a disc-shaped structure (Gross, 2010). This is where chemical signals also known as a neurotransmitter permit interaction amongst neurons, by means of a minute gap named a synapse (Martin, Carlson & Buskit, 2013). Both neurons which form the synapse are referred to as a presynaptic synapse (prior to the synapse) and postsynaptic (after the synapse), reflecting the direction of information flow (from axon to dendrite), (He, 2013).

The main components of the synapses are as follows: The Axon terminal, found at the end of the Axon, passes neurotransmitters to other neurons via synaptic transmission. Synaptic Vesicles contain neurotransmitters within the Axon. Neurotransmitters themselves are chemical messengers that travel through the neurons and activate receptors on the receiving cell. The neurotransmitters are diffused through the synaptic cleft—a region between the two neurons and gap the neurotransmitter needs to cross to make it to the receiving cell. Said receiving cell is what receives the neurotransmitters and starts the process over again. The receptors on the cell are structures that receive the neurotransmitters and

A synapse is a link where neurons communicate with other cells across narrow gaps using neurotransmitters or pulses (I learned this in my biology course last semester).

The structure of neuromuscular junction consists of a neuron and skeletal muscle cell. The motor neurons, which arise from the spinal cord, supply the skeletal muscle fibers. The neuromuscular junction is un-myelin nerve with a bulb shape at the endings that contract the muscle fiber. The schwann cells form a covering over the postsynaptic membrane and nerve membrane of the fiber that is located under the terminal and is categorized as a post-junction folds. The area between the folds and the bulbs create the synaptic cleft. This consists of proteins and proteoglycans. The enzyme acetylcholinesterase; exist only at high levels in the synaptic basal lamina (UMN,

The Synapse- The synapse is a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.

Although both studies used the presence of markers such as horseradish peroxide to identify the membrane during the stimulation of a frog neuromuscular junction; the first of the papers by Heuser and Reese found that portions of cellular membrane at the frog neuromuscular junction were taken up by the cell and converted back into synaptic vesicles whereas ceccarelli observed no vesicle depletion but an increase in the number of labelled vesicles over time. He and his co workers propsed that vesicle fusion involves the opening of a small pore, termed ‘fusion pore’ followed by its rapid closure without full dilation and collapse at the same site of fusion. (reese, n.d.) (cecerlli, n.d.) This composes the Kiss and Run Argument but the electron microscope evidence is neither compelling or persuasive as the images are unclear where the omega membrane profile in the fixed tissue is on the way to collapsing into the plasma membrane or to closing its

As the message arrives at the end of the nerves, the message is transmitted to the muscles. Before the message is transmitted to the muscles it has to pass the space between the end of the nerve and the muscle, and that space is called neuromuscular junction. The message is transmitted from the brain to the end of the nerve and from the nerve to the neuromuscular junction, and when the message arrives the chemical called neurotransmitters are released.

In a healthy person, muscle contraction and movement is cause by a series of events coming from the brain, going to the neuromuscular junction (the place between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber), into the synapse, and into sodium ion channels. The way muscle movement is supposed to work is with a starting action potential from the brain. Once the signal reaches the neuromuscular junction, it causes voltage gated calcium ion channels to open up and calcium comes flooding in. Inside the neuromuscular junction, there are vesicles that contain a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. When calcium is flooded into the cell, it causes these vesicles filled with acetylcholine to merge with the border of the synaptic cleft, filling the inside

Muscle contractions are caused by action potentials firing down a motor neuron axon to the motor end plate in the skeletal muscle fiber, creating a neuromuscular junction (NMJ). These action potentials

Thoughts that started in the cerebral cortex as synapses between unmylientated neurons of many brilliant gentleman. These synapses traveled to other parts of the brain to turn into synapses that signal movement of certain muscle fibers. Movement that occurs by a signal accompanied by chemical elements traveling down millions of dendrites, myelinated axons, and axon terminals. They reach the muscle fibers where synaptic vessels release acetylcholine into the synaptic clef where the ACH(acetylcholine) travels down the sarcolemma into the T tubules into the SR which releases Calcium ions. The Calcium ions then attach to protein myosin which attaches to tripoponin a protein part of actin. The myosin contracts moving the actin and then more acetylcholine is produced so the myosin unhooks from the actin. These muscle

As soon as the electrical signal reaches the end of the axon, mechanism of chemical alteration initiates. First, calcium ion spurt into the axon terminal, leading to the release of neurotransmitters “molecules released neurons which carries information to the adjacent cell”. Next, inside the axon terminal, neurotransmitter molecules are stored inside a membrane sac called vesicle. Finally, the neurotransmitter molecule is then discharged in synapse space to be delivered to post synaptic neuron.

Most neurons do not make direct connections with surrounding neurons, signals (molecules) must make the transition from the presynaptic (upstream) neuron to the postsynaptic (downstream) neuron. This transition space is called the synaptic cleft. The exchange of information from the pre- to postsynaptic neuron is called a synapse.