New Challenges From An Old Bug

Identifying C. Freundii holds importance in order to determine infection in gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and in the brain. These infections will often be

Animal or zoophilic infections are usually periodic and restricted to the areas where the host animal is found. Microsporum canis, the cat and dog ringworm, is the commonest of the zoophilic infections worldwide and spread occurs directly from an infected animal and, probably, from contaminated furniture, floors and carpets in the home environment. I contrast, Anthropophilic dermatophytes are more common in the community. In some cases there is evidence to support the existence of localized epidemics of

Everyone listen up, it is now time to take caution. A virus has re-emerged and is spreading fast. We first saw a case like this in 1994 where well-known horse trainer, Vic Rail died after 6 days and experienced severe lung inflammation, interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure (Grant,2013). 14 of his horses also died when it broke out not far from here, in fact Hendra and now it has come back to haunt us with its lethality (Betterhealth.vic.gov.au, 2015).The emergence in humans was unprecedented and shocking.

Blastomycosis-This fungal disease not only poses health risk to human beings but also to domestic animals such as cats and dogs. People infected by this disease will develop flu like symptoms and in cases of acute illnesses symptoms similar to those of pneumonia will begin showing.

The patient in questioned presented with symptoms of painful urination for the past 2 weeks accompanied by lower back pain and fever. The fever didn’t appear until two days ago. The patient, 17 years of age and female stated that she wasn’t sexually active until 2 months ago. The patient file documented that a blood sample was taken and that the patient had an unknown bacterium. Listed below are the tests ran in order to determine the unknown bacterium.

Jean Holzworth D.V.M. was one of the first veterinarians to recognize FIP (Vet Cornell). She and others believed that the disease was infectious but it wasn’t until Wolfe and Grisesemer learned that it was caused by a virus (Vet Med). In the 1970’s Ward discovered the similarities between the FIP virus and the Coronaviridae family in tissue (Vet Med). Montali and Strandberg were the first to report that the disease could be either effusive or non-effusive (Vet Med). Following the discovery of FIP, it has become one of the leading infectious causes of death in young cats from shelters and catteries (Vet Med). The reason for the sudden appearance of this disease is unknown, but there are a few possible explanations. One possible reason is that FIP could have just speciated into cats (Vet Med). FIP could also be a genetic change in strains of FECV (Vet Med). The third explanation could be simply that the population of cats increased after WWII (Vet Med). The popularity of cats and purebred cat breeding shifted over time (Vet Med). Large, indoor spaces where cats are in close quarters are known to favor feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) infection and FIP (Vet

Always keep your dog clean and groomed well to keep these common diseases away, and if your

Diseases are also an occurrence to many dogs of older age ("Dogs", 2016).

This kind of infection is usually caused by an animal bite. It can also occur after an animal licks a person's skin that is damaged by a cut or scratch. Cats, dogs, poultry (chicken, turkey), and livestock (cow, horse, sheep) can all carry the bacteria. Sometimes, the cause is not known.

A potential outbreak was first reported on September 15 vie a telephone call at 6:00 am. At first, there was only a possibility that it was an outbreak when it was reported that 30 individuals were home sick, when usually it was 4 out of 200 employees. It was not until after interviewing five of the sick individuals over the phone that there was little doubt that it was an outbreak, as their only recent interactions between themselves were during the company’s dinner at Lou’s Center City Restaurant on the 14th at 6:00 pm, shows similar symptoms of cramps and diarrhea, and became sick between 2 am and 8 am the next day. The interviews were completed between 9:00 am to 10:00 am.

The hypothesis stated that mucosal disease occur only in PI animals contained NCP strains as a result of superinfection by homologus CP strains (McClurkin et al. 1984; McClurkin et al. 1985; Liebler et al. 1991). The source of homologus CP strains may be from mutation of NCP biotypes (Brownlie et al., 2000). It is postulated that immunotolerance induced by NCP BVDV in PI animals may have a synergestic effect that facilitate destruction of lymphoid tissues by homologus CP strains which consequently resulted in development of highly fatal mucosal disease (Brownlie et al.,

It was the first bacterium to be identified as causing disease in humans. The organism has never been successfully grown on an artificial cell culture medium. Instead, it was grown in mouse footpads and in nine-banded armadillos because they, like humans, are susceptible to leprosy. Leprosy is a bacterial infection caused by an acid-fast bacillus bacterium known as Mycobacterium leprae (Microbe Wiki). It replicates intracellularly inside histiocytes and nerve cells and has two forms. One form is tuberculoid. Through this form M. leprae multiplies at the site of entry, usually the skin, invading and colonizing Schwann cells. The microbe then induces T-helper lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and giant cell infiltration of the skin, causing infected individuals to exhibit large flattened patches with raised and elevated red edges on their skin. The second form of leprosy is the lepromatous form. This form of the microbe proliferates within the macrophages at the site of entry. It also grows within the epithelial tissues of the face and ear lobes. Large numbers of M. leprae appear in the macrophages and the infected patients develop papules at the entry site, marked by a folding of the skin. Extensive penetration of this microbe may lead to severe body damage; for example the loss of bones, fingers, and toes. Leprosy

As mentioned before, MERS-CoV zoonotic infections are transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans (Azhar et al 2014). As of 2014, there were 707 patients suffering from MERS throughout 21 countries, with a case fatality rate of 35% (Sharif-Yakan & Kanj 2014).). Furthermore, peak infections appear to occur seasonally, peaking between April and June each year (Sharif-Yakan & Kanj 2014).). A coincidence of the seasonality of the diseases is that it is parallel with camel birthing seasons, where younger camels are infected easier than older ones (Sharif-Yakan & Kanj 2014).). Although it has spread some distance (as previously mentioned), the spread of the disease has occurred in small clusters, typically infecting a family or healthcare area (Breban et al 2013). Animal to human transmission, such as a camel to human, must involve close exposure of the infected animal, as well as a passing of aerosol nasal droplets from the animal into the human respiratory tract (Azhar et al 2014). Human to human transmission occurs the same way, an infected individual can pass MERS coughing, sneezing and nasal secretions (Azhar et al 2014). Although, transmission of MERS is known to be a sporadic disease, which occurs between family members and requires prolonged exposure (Mackay & Arden 2015). As the transmission rates depend on increased exposure time, and that one is

Some infections caused by S. Pyogenes are dangerous, and some fatal. In the past, S. Pyogenes took many lives because of

Many elements go into the cause and spread of nosocomial infections and, according to epidemiologic research, occur on an international