New Drugs For Breast Cancer Treatment Essay

The term chemotherapy is defined as: “The treatment of disease by means of chemicals that have a specific toxic effect upon the disease-producing microorganisms that selectively destroy cancerous tissue” (Dictionary of Cultural Literacy). When chemotherapy was first developed at the beginning

One of them is Gleevec (Imatinib mesylate), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was called a “magical bullet”. This was the first targeted therapy drug used to treat cancer. It was invented in the late 1990’s, to treat “chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal growth”. Imatinib is tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Tyrosine kinase is a protein that cells use to signal to each other to grow (Iqbal and Iqbal, 2014, p.1). It works by preventing a tyrosine kinase enzyme and therefore inhibits growth factor-induced receptor phosphorylation and blocks the PDGF/PDGFR and P13-k/Akt pathway (Kheradmand, et.al.2016, p.83). According to Richardson (2010, p.679), the drug Velcade was also known as “Bortezomib” is useful in the treatment of multiple myelomas. The main goal of this drug is to lower the tumor growth significantly. The American cancer society (2013, para.20) studies show Bortezomib is a “proteasome inhibitor”. It works by blocking or slowing down the action of proteosome is to break down protein in both healthy and cancerous cells. When proteosome activity is blocked, proteins in the cells accumulate. This accumulation may cause cells to stop growing and multiplying, and cause them to die and Sutent (Sunitinib) is a drug used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is currently approved as a second-line treatment of MRCC. Sunitinib inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and stops the growth of tumors (Kolesar, et.al. 2008, pp.123 131). It is considered as a multi- targeted kinase inhibitor because it is a type of VEGF inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, and it blocks an enzyme called tyrosine kinase. By doing all of this, it slows cancer growth and keeps tumors from making their own blood vessels to help them grow and spread (American

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple

It would attach itself to a cancer cell and aggressively aggravate the body to draw in the bodies’ defenses to all out assault that area. In theory, if you kept the patients immune system going, you could bombard the cancer and not have to worry about chemical side effects. Lots of treatments like chemotherapy weaken the immune system, so this would be an interesting alternative. One would first need to figure out a way to attach a “decoy” drug to the cancer cells and have it be one that the body would want to attack.

They may be applied to bloodstream or directly to a cancer site. Chemotherapy typically refers to the destruction of cancer cells, however some may include antibiotics or other medications to cure an illness or infection. Often, chemo is used alongside other treatments. Physical activity is important and it’s been found that patients who regularly exercise after chemotherapy treatment have a much lower risk of cancer recurrence. Chemotherapy generally has 5 goals; total remission, combination therapy, delay/prevent reoccurrence, slow down cancer progression and relieve cancer symptoms. The objective is to prevent cell division using cytotoxic drugs, to target cancer cells food source, enzymes and hormones that they need in order to grow, and to stop the growth of new blood vessels that supply the tumor. Patients can either receive monotherapy where they’re just given one drug, or combination where the patient receives more than one drug. These courses of chemo can be just a one day treatment or last for a few weeks, it depends on the type and stage of the cancer basically how advanced it

The second therapy is hormone therapy. This therapy is said to treat breast cancer but is not used alone. Hormone therapy is usually paired with chemotherapy or radiation. Hormone therapy slows or stops the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors by preventing the production of hormones (National Cancer Institute). Breast cancer has cells with hormone receptor- positive. Estrogen makes hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers grow by reducing the amount of estrogen one can reduce the risk of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers coming back (Armstrong). The most common hormone therapy drug that blocks estrogen development is Tamoxifen. This drug (often a pill) stops the hormone from binding to the breast cancers cells, ultimately preventing the cell to divide and

* Chemotherapy: Using special medicines or drugs to shrink or kill the cancer, Drugs include pills or IV. (Maybe both)

Chemical methods of control: Antimicrobial drugs, involves the use of chemicals to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Pasteur and others observed that infecting an animal with Pseudomonas aeruginosa protected the animal against Bacillus anthracis. Later, the word “antibiosis” (against life) for this inhibition and called the inhibiting substance “Antibiotic”. As researchers found out more and more about these chemicals they were able to discover that antibiotics are chemicals or natural substances such as bacteria, fungi, as well as synthetic drugs; that inhibit or kill microbes in small amounts. Chemotherapeutic agents are antimicrobial chemicals (natural or synthetic) that can be used internally or may be absorbed.

Paclitaxel works to treat cancers because it breakdowns the microtubules during cell division. Microtubules are part of the cell that is known for dividing and replicating itself. So by implementing this natural product in the process of chemotherapy it aims to target rapidly reproducing tumor cells in order to slow down or eliminate cancer. Taxol is in fact a natural product that is found in the yew pine tree that happens to grow very slowly. The bark of the tree needs to be peeled off in order to obtain the paclitaxel that so happens to kill the tree in the process. Some Paclitaxel has become essential in the medical field that it is on the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines. In the case of producing the important drug where was a new way to create the drug faster since it takes a lot of time to create the drug naturally. According to A New Synthesis of Taxol from Baccatin III by Erkan Baloglu, “The partial synthesis of Taxol is very important when compared to that of direct isolation of Taxol from the western yew, since the availability of baccatin III or 10-DAB is greater than that of Taxol. Another advantage of the semi-synthetic approach is that various Taxol analogs, such as Taxotere, which may have improved bioactivity as compared with Taxol, can also be synthesized”(pg.32). Meaning that in this case producing medicine in a semisynthetic production it would yield equal results compared to the natural extraction of Taxol; however the semisynthetic can be produced in a faster mater compared to the natural form. The only difference in the performance and effectiveness of natural and synthesized (semi-synthesized taxon) is Taxotere, also known as Docetaxel that happens to be a production of the synthesized product. This products is twice as strong in potency compared to paclitaxel however, paclitaxel may cause fewer side

Cancer is no longer a death sentence. The number of people who have survived cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Some adult patients have a survival rate of 70% or more, while some pediatric conditions can boast a higher cure rate. To survive this disease, it takes a lot of strength, endurance and courage.

Well, fucoidan has been found to also have a role in this. It stops a tumor cell from being able to anchor to any surface in the body and without being able to anchor, there is no growing it can do. These are just some of the ways in which this compound is amazing, but science is still working out what else it can do and how it can be worked into treatments.

They are chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for small cell lung cancer. (cancer society ) Chemotherapy is a treatment that includes a medication or the use of multiply medications most often it is the use of multiple medications because they have a better therapeutic effect on killing the cancer cells. The goal of chemotherapy is to stop or slow down the growth of cancer cells. ( cancer society). There are many forms someone can receive chemotherapy the most common form for SCLC

    Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply out of control and gradually build a mass of tissue called a tumor. There has been a large amount of research dedicated to the treatment and cure of cancer. Several types of treatments have been developed. The following are just some of the major examples of cancer therapy: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, biorhythms, unconventional treatments, and hyperthermia. Each type of treatment is discussed in detail below.

Methotrexate is a phase-specific substance the main action of which is directed to the S-phase of cell mitosis. It acts generally most effectively on actively increasing tissues, such as malignant cells, bone marrow, foetal cells, oral and intestinal mucosa as well as urinary bladder cells. As the production of malignant cells is higher than that of most normal cells, methotrexate can slow down the production of malignant cells without causing, however, irreversible damage to normal tissue.

Chemotherapy is a use of medicines or drugs to treat cancer. In the early 1900s a German chemist Paul Ehrlich set about developing drugs to treat infectious diseases. He gave them the term “chemotherapy” and defined it as the use of chemicals to treat diseases. During the beginning of 20th century, chemotherapy was not originally meant for cancer treatment and in the first four decades of 20th century chemotherapy was devoted to model development. All of the models were based on carcinogen-induced tumors in mice. The era of chemotherapy began in 1940s with use of nitrogen mustards and folic acid antagonist drugs. During World War II it was discovered that nitrogen mustard reduces white blood cells, which led many scientists to research whether the mustard gas can be used to prevent the growth of rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells.