4.6.1 Smart Living
WHY SMART LIVING?
• “By 2030 12% of worldwide population will be +65 generation (from 7% in 2010). Hence, new health-care and elderly-care solutions are needed” [IBM Smarter City Program, 2010];
• “A Smart City has to be safe; a smarter safety initiative allows to anticipate, rather just react, to problems” [Mulligan 2010].
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS:
• I ncrease health-care and elderly-care services availability, increase citizens ' quality of life and satisfaction, (IBM Smarter Cities Program).
IT CONTRIBUTION
• Usage of data that can predict where and when crimes will take place. “What is needed is a timely enough manner to make the difference” [IBM Smarter Cities Program; ]. Firemen: info can give insights into the
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The communication platform enables quick response to emergency services. Videoconferencing technologies facilitate remote medical centre services to patients ' homes, for those who can not travel to hospitals [Washburn et al, 2010].
4.6.2 Smart Environment
To better face this topic, it will be divided in three parts:
• Smart Energy
• Smart Buildings
• Smart Water Management
Smart Energy
WHY SMART ENERGY?
Cities consume 75% of world energy [BOMA 2006];
Through Smart Grids, globally could be reduced carbon emissions by 2.03 Gt CO2e (worth €
79 billions) [Steinert 2011];
The world marketed energy consumption is projected to increase by 44% from 2006 to 2030
(and will increase by 73% from BRIC countries) [EIA: Energy Information Administration,
US].
energy accounts for the largest portion of GHG emissions (29%) [McKinsey Smart 2020
Report].
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS:
Energy efficiency, integration of renewable sources;
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IT CONTRIBUTION:
“Energy generation and distribution use 1/3 of all primary energy. ICT could make electricity generation more efficient by 40% and its transportation and distribution by 10%” [Stancic,
2009].
• Smart Grids: is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics,
American senior citizens will account for 20% of the nation’s total population by 2030 (Nelson, 2007). With the growing population of senior living, healthcare facilities are becoming more popular than ever. Brightview is an up in coming healthcare senior living facility that will be opening up 13 more facilities on the east coast. The activities department plays a crucial role in Brightview Senior Living. The department function and how its managed ties into the overall function of the facility. The various activities that are ran and performed are to get the elderly involved. By doing so, this allows them to carry out physical activity and challenge their body and minds. As you get older you lose some cognitive and physical development. Giving
As the global population increases exponentially, having passed six billion in 1999, the world population is expected to be 8.9 billion by the year 2050. The worlds energy consumption will increase by an estimated 54 percent by 2025. Energy demand in the industrialized world is projected to grow 1.2 percent per year. Energy is a critical component of sustained economic growth and improved standards of living. One of the major requirements for sustaining human progress is an adequate source of energy. As the world’s technological enhancements and standards of living improve, so too does their appetite for electricity.
Between 2000 and 2050, the number of ageing population will increase by 135% During this time period, the proportion of the population that is over the age of 65 will increase from 12.7% in
In 1994, the New York City Police Department adopted a law enforcement crime fighting strategy known as COMPSTAT (COMPuter STATistics). COMPSTAT uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map the locations of where crimes occur, identify “ hotspots”, and map problem areas. COMPSTAT has amassed a wealth of historical crime data. Mathematicians have designed and developed algorithms that run against the historical data to predict future crimes for police departments. This is known as predictive policing. Predictive policing has led to a drop in burglaries, automobile thefts, and other crimes in some cities.
In this essay, I will provide details for the type of technology necessary for accurate crime analysis. I will explain at least four methods of collecting, storing, and retrieving information needed for crime analysis. I will provide examples to support the importance of each method selected. In conclusion, I will detail the benefits of crime analysis to the community.
Growth and change in any organization can be a difficult time both for executives and for employees. When growth comes at an astounding rate, there are bound to be problems at all levels of the organization. Senior Health Plus (SHP) is a small, non-profit HMO based in Southern California. The company started as a grassroots organization that enjoyed a positive reputation for pioneering new ways to care for the elderly. This success has a price however, as the membership of SHP has grown exponentially in the past several years from 10,000 to 35,000 members. In response to this growth, management went on an expansion frenzy, moving all executives to a
So, if law enforcement agencies pay attention to the statistics that are reported, they will more than likely be able to predict as well as prevent where and when, also the time a crime will more than likely occur.
One of the major problems nagging America is the need for a new health care system. The number of uninsured Americans needing medical treatment is rising. Medicare, a major part of the American health care system, is projected to go broke in 2019 according to USA Today 's article, "Congress refuses to swallow cures for ailing Medicare." I have seen this ruin people 's pursuit of happiness. I worked in a nursing home for the past five years. Many elderly patients run out of money to support themselves for their long term care. When they go on Medicare, only certain treatments and prescription drugs are available. This causes them to worsen in condition physically and mentally. I believe that with a
According to Healthy People 2020 (n.d) the goal in addressing social determinants of health is to “Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all”. Regardless of a person’s socioeconomic status, age, or gender all American’s should have the right as well as the access to good quality health care. Catalano (2015) says the United States has some of the best health care in the world but ranks 34th in the delivery of health care (p.490). There is still a need for healthcare reform that the 2008 Affordable care act did not take care of. Such as the “donut hole” with the Medicare
The need for transparency is vital for the success of any program, and this is evident for any predictive policing program. When data is collected by police agencies, these crime areas and surrounding targeted areas need to be checked for accuracy and need follow up reports. When data is inputted from these reports, human error is inevitable. It is important to check the accuracy of these reports because it can lead to the wrong analyses. In the end, the success of predictive policing will all come down to how reliable it is, how different information sources are integrated and how all the data are
Re-presenting and analyzing data in a clear, scannable and compelling way allows criminal justice practitioners, policy makers and the public to better understand how they can leverage existing data to develop better policies, and responses to criminal justice problems. Developers or researchers could create better algorithms for individualized intervention and risk assessment. There can be better products created using this information to reduce crime resulting in more effective programs which could combine criminal justice data with other relevant publicly accessible data
Current models of predictive policing allow police to identify potential areas of criminal activity based on past data, including arrest records, district crime reports, lists of criminals and suspected criminals, and other critical police statistics. Some algorithms identify areas of high criminal activity based on previous incidents, which enables police to follow crime trends and target criminal hotspots. By focusing on the locations of past crimes, police are able to predict future ones and stop them before they happen. They monitor areas of high illegal activity, specifically burglary, break-ins, and car theft, and take action when people appear suspicious. Police can also take preliminary action after a crime occurs in a criminal hotspot.
and so forth, to identify crime patterns, clusters, suspects, and hot spots. Strategies are then
Coal and natural gas are the United States’ main fossil fuels used as energy sources. These fossil fuels both contain mixtures of hydrocarbons, which is a chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen (Olah, 2005). Currently, fossil fuels provide eighty-five percent of commercial energy, such as businesses, worldwide and this eighty-five percent does not even account for residential use. Imagine if the residential energy use was accounted for in that eighty-five percent (Davison, 2007). According to Goodell (2006), “Between 1950 and 2000, the world population increased by 140 percent and fossil fuel consumption increased by 400 percent. By 2030, the world’s demand for energy is expected to more than double,” with most of the electricity
The use of IoT has already impacted the way cities operate. The term smart cities, is used to describe a city that possesses an IoT oriented infrastructure. “In a smart city, the digital technologies translate into better public services for inhabitants and better use of resources while reducing environmental impacts”. [3] For a smart city to be feasible, IoT must provide intelligence, interconnection, and instrumentation. Wi-Fi-enabled smart devices and low-cost sensors are components of the smart city and allow devices a way to communicate with the public via the internet. These devices collect real-time data, which not only improves the lives of residents, but transforms several sectors of public service as well. Transportation has been revolutionized by smart traffic management systems which gather data from an array of magnetic road sensors and hundreds of cameras. The result is less delay at major stop lights and increased travel speeds, because enabled drivers can see which lights are busy and monitor these areas for other vehicles and pedestrians. To lower traffic and driver search times for parking spots, parking sensors that detect parking-spaces for drivers are installed in major cities. Street lights use a method of energy saving known as adaptive lighting which enables them to determine their brightness setting, appropriate for a given situation. The smart city solution to conserving energy is through smart girds. A smart grid serves several energy management