New Methods Of Appetite Control

The researchers addressed known influential factors verbally, but not all factors were controlled during the experiment. For example, time of day, the white coat effect along with respirations and heart rate were not addressed in the results.

Researcher will adopt a three-pronged approach in order to address every possible facet and in order to construct as rich an experiment as possible. For this reason, a qualitative rather than quantitative approach will be taken. Firstly,

This experience consisted of 20 subjects from Woden plaza varying of age and gender. It also included one student who was going to conduct the experiment.

In Bijal P. Trivedi’s report “The Bypass Cure,” she details the history of gastric bypass surgery, its effect on type two diabetes, and the how one doctor is using his understanding of modern gastric bypass applications to save the lives of his patients. Diabetes is a serious disease that affects over 25 million people in America, and 439 million people worldwide. Over 200,000 gastric bypasses are performed in America each year. Due to the cost many patients are unable to receive the life changing procedure. One of the patients who will be receiving this procedure is Nancy Rubio who was nearly twice the normal weight of a person her height. Her weight had slowly increased throughout her life, due to her unhealthy diet and having two children. She eventually developed type two diabetes which then led to arthritic knee pain, high blood pressure, increased cholesterol and elevated blood sugar. Fearing for her life, Rubio opted to receive a modern version of the Roux-en-Y. The Roux-en-Y involves surgically decreasing the lining of the stomach to a small pouch, which reduces the patient’s appetite and eating. The pouch is then connected to the lower section of the intestine. Due to the nature of the surgery Rubio will lose weight very fast, but also miraculously have her type two diabetes go into remission or possibly eliminated.

The first study involves seventy-one undergraduate students, male and female, who ranged in age from seventeen to fifty-six years. The experiment entailed the participants to write an essay particularly pertaining

It has three sites involved in appetite regulation ventromendial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus and arcuate nucleus. Through studies using mice, lesions to the hypothalamus has resulted in hyperphagia or hypophagia. In human studies, patients with tumors in the hypothalamus have been shown to be hyperphagia or hypophagia. The regulation of food intake is a complicated process. It involves external factors and signals from certain hormones through the hypothalamus. These factors act as appetite stimulator and appetite suppressors to control energy intake and expenditure. There have been several weight loss drugs developed to treat obesity. Three of the drugs are orlistat, sibutramine, and rimonabant. Orlistat prevents fat digestions and absorption by binding to gastrointestinal lipases. The fat is blocked and fat is not digested and passed out in feces. Sibutramine works differently to affect the nerve cells in the brain that regulate appetite. Rimonabant works as a CB1 antagonist. The drug binds to a receptor without activating it and preventing endocannabinoid to bind to it which decreases cell signals for appetite. The desire is for less appetite. A person will gain weight once stopping the drugs and limited in there use for weight loss. Weight loss surgery is used to limit the amount of intake of foods by decreasing the size of the stomach. The options are the duodenal switch, gastric binding, sleeve gastrectomy and gastric

Ten St. Johns University undergraduate students participated in this experiment to fulfill their Research Method

A total of forty participants were used in the study. They had been recruited from friends and family and had not been offered any reward or incentives to take part in the study such as money, or credits for a course they were taking. Anyone who was either themselves a student of psychology or had knowledge of the experiment and its contents were not able to take part. An equal number of males and females took part in the experiment. The mean age of the participants involved was 39.3. The oldest was 65 and the youngest 21.

Obesity is an epidemic causing major concern in the United States (“Disease of Obesity”,2016). Obesity is a chronic problem resulting from poor social influences, lack of self-control, and motivation that can lead to overall health complications (“Disease of Obesity”,2016). In 2010, throughout the United States, the prevalence of obesity increased by 25 to 30 percent (“Disease of Obesity”,2016). When people realize that obesity severely interferes with their life, it is then that diet and exercise is attempted (“Disease of Obesity”,2016). There are some people who begin to see weight loss with only diet and exercise however, rapid weight gain has been noted when people stop the weight loss track (“Who is a Candidate for Bariatric Surgery,” 2016). This is why surgical interventions are being more frequently suggested (“Who is a Candidate for Bariatric Surgery,” 2016). The most common surgical interventions being performed are Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and the sleeve procedure (“Who is a Candidate for Bariatric Surgery,” 2016). Studies indicate both interventions have long term complications however, among the two

Liraglutide is novel approach in combating T2DM. It works as a DPP-4 inhibitor via catalyzing GLP-1 receptor affinity, which will in-turn inhibit gastrointestinal motility, while increasing satiety and decreasing energy intake. The exact mechanisms on how this occurs continues to be researched. There also appears to be different results in regards to how Liraglutide is administered. When is administered orally, GLP-1 is shown to inhibit meal-induced gastric acid secretion while slowing down gastric emptying rate. Intravenous infusion of GLP-1 was shown to increase satiety, decrease the sensation of hunger, which again, reduces overall intake (Flint et al.1998)(Flint et al.2001). Like all new drugs and therapies that are introduced into the market, it’s difficult to gauge the long term effects of drugs in a short period of time. With Liraglutide being fairly new inot the market for treating obesity, patience and research is vital for understanding the mechanisms of its function as well as the dysfunction it could promote in patients. Liraglutide appears to be promising in combating obesity, and with its 97% homology to that of GLP-1, there might be evidence in favor of it in the near future

The results collected from the studies have been further summarized according to the relevant outcomes.

When starting this experiment, I was unsure of what to expect. I wasn’t sure if this experience was going to be difficult/easy for me or if I would be able to develop sensitivity to this population of individuals. However, after the first week, this experiment was nothing like what I expected or envisioned. I was unaware of how difficult it was to just stop doing what you have been doing for an extensive amount of time. Also, I did not expect to feel lonely in completing the experiment. Lastly, I was not prepared to have a

A rise in the number of gastrointestinal surgeries being performed for weight loss is a reflection of the increase in the number of people who are morbidly obese. According to Steinbrook (2004), “gastrointestinal surgeries performed annually for severe obesity increased from 16,000 in the early 1990s to about 103,000 in 2003” (p. 1075). Bariatric surgery, like all major surgery, carries inherent risks, but due to the nature of the patients seeking these procedures standard risks can be compounded. Additionally, each unique bariatric procedure has different benefits and dangers.

We live with obesity on a daily basis within the United States. About 36.5% of U.S. adults were obese within the year 2011 to 2014 (Ogden et al., 2015). There will be many consequences to face as someone grows with obesity. These people may create and follow their own diet and exercise plans, but sometimes a little help is needed. Therefore, in obese adults with a BMI of >30, does weight loss surgery, particularly sleeve gastrectomy, or the weight loss drug, Orlistat, lead to at least a year of long-term weight loss? Gastrectomy and Orlistat will be compared in terms of how they work, their side effects, and the duration of their effectiveness so obese adults can pick an option that is

The experiment consisted of a total of 276 participants; 52 males and 201 females. 23 participants did not indicate their gender. Participants were students from a second-year research methods in psychology course. Participation was voluntary and no course credit was offered. Participants were invited to participate as part of a class exercise. Participants were randomly assigned to each experimental condition with 102 participants assigned to the control condition, 89 participants to the negative frame and 85 participants to the positive frame.