New Political And Military Structures

Sumerian kings where military leaders. They would have to protect their people yet control the military. The kings would set up the military as well as making sure the military was strong enough in battle. ancient Mesopotamians believed that taking over other lands was a mission and it wasn’t easy or granted to them. The kings where to have made sure each warrior had their own set of armor and weapons when a battle would happen. Winning a war in the Sumerian society looked very good on the king because they would get more land.

Historians have concluded that the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers began around c. 3000 B.C.E. What started as small agricultural settlements, grew into established city-states that cultivated farming skills, religion, and culture. The organization of civilization in Mesopotamia began under the Sumerians and expanded to form empires of

Civilization is the stage of human social development. Civilizations have improved over the years. The ancient River Valley Civilizations have created a foundation for future human developments. The ancient River Valley Civilization all made key contributions for future societies. The Civilization from Mesopotamia and China had a massive influence for future civilizations.

Mesopotamia was the foundation of western civilization. This was around 3500 BC when cities started evolving in world history. It was also known as the “land between the rivers.” The first city-states developed in southern Mesopotamia by the Sumerian citizens around 4000 BC. The history begins at Sumer; this society brings many things to the table for a starting civilization. In 3500 BC the Sumerian people learned their own writing system. They would write on cuneiforms, clay blocks which were easy to be transported but they were very fragile. The Sumerian people had an independent government which was ruled by a king, Sargon. The cities as well as

Civilization. The word “civilization” comes from the Latin term for “city.” The first civilizations were the river-valley civilizations, so-called because they all developed alongside major rivers to secure an adequate water supply for agricultural production. 2 of the greatest river-valley civilizations were Mesopotamia and Egypt. All though they both supported having a patriarchal leader or king, Egypt had a strong, centralized government, whereas Mesopotamia was decentralized, and built based on small city-states operating independently.

First of all, one characteristic of a civilization is its writing system. Stated from document 3 “Civilizations develop writing systems” “Writing

The major first cities of Mesopotamia were built somewhere between 4000 and 3500 BC. During this time religion played a huge role in how people acted and they

Paul Kriwaczek shows civilization in the perspective that everything is a version of playing, and he puts it simply. The beginning, the middle and highest point, then the end. Fredy Perlman retells the ancestries, and progress of civilization perceived as the organized self-enslavement and self-alienation of societies. Susan Wise Bauer has the light fact that humanity needs hierarchy in the background of her opinions but tries to keep a more neutral point of view. What makes a civilization? There are about 10 things that make up civilization, here are 5 and I will go more in-depth with them at a future period in this review: Development of literacy, religion, economic classifications, social classes, and forms of government.

A civilization refers to “a particular and distinctive type of human society” (Strayer, pg. 90). Civilizations aren’t always different from one another nor are they the exact same. Each civilization has some form of a unique characteristic that differentiates itself from the rest. For example, the Ancient Egyptians and the Hindus from Ancient India. They both have a permanent arrangement of societal roles, yet they aren’t constructed or operated in the same manner. These two locations are the main topics of this discussion/comparison.

The first civilizations and the rise of empires began with small groups or villages existing with the use of hunting, fishing, and foraging. (William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel, World History, vol. 1, 1) Within a few thousand years, people learned how to cultivate food crops and this led to an increase in population. Increased food production resulted in larger communities. The cities began to expand their cultural and religious developments leading to the beginnings of civilization. (Duiker, World History, 1) The first civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia and Egypt during the fourth and third millennia B.C.E and had various components in common. Each of these civilizations was established in a river valley so they were able to provide and produce the agricultural resources needed to survive and uphold the population. (Duiker, World History, 1) Mesopotamia developed in the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates River known as “the land between the rivers.” These rivers provided irregular and catastrophic flooding for the city-state. They created an intensive irrigation system to improve their agriculture. The first people to create Mesopotamian civilization were known as the Sumerians. These people were the first city builders and created the major city’s named Eridu, Ur, Uruk, Umma, and Lagash. These cities were built with surrounding walls and defense towers. A six-mile-long wall enclosed the city of Uruk. Mesopotamia lacked

The Neolithic Revolution is an important part of history; it changed the Nomad’s lifestyles for good. For example, instead of Nomadic hunters and gatherers, the Nomads instead grew and harvested their own crops because of agriculture and they also domesticated wild animals. The revolution also led to the development of civilizations. A civilization is a complex culture with five traits: advanced cities, advanced technology, record keeping, specialized workers and complex institutions. The four major civilizations are a region of Mesopotamia named Sumer, Egypt, Indus Valley and China. Archaeologists and historians have identified the Traits of Civilization in the Ancient River Valleys of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus and China.

This “land between two rivers” held a crucial fragment of countless civilizations that came to fruit after its downfall equivalent to Egypt, Greece and the empire of all empires, Rome. Prominent from 3,500 BCE and 2,300 BCE Sumerian culture flourished in endeavors. According to historical text, this civilization of Mesopotamia became the first to institute and organized religion with temples, priests, and creation stories of “the great flood.” Along with religion, a system of government became instituted to hold each city-state or region under a form of law. The government in these times consisted of a kingship of sorts, where a supreme ruler took control of law creation, enforcement, and punishment—which is similar to the monarch system in modern society. In addition to religion and government, inventions of mathematics, education tactics, and trade networks also came to fruit in Ancient Sumerian society (Cole 7-10).

Civilization is the period in which humans develop and organize their community in an advanced form in different aspects. As time was fleeting the ancient Greek civilization was starting to shape and adopt many alterations which started to center a more stable community. Just as the Greeks there were other civilizations developing some similar to the Greeks attributes and some differing them in different aspects.

Through the archeological discoveries, we can infer some details into the lives of the people who originated in the cities of Mesopotamia. The root word of Mesopotamia refers to ‘between rivers’, this infers to the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, figure 1. Because the environment influenced people to settle, we can see a change in their political, social, and economic structure as they begin to form a complex society. This is the period where we see a complex engineering system as people started to develop canals and other technologies for a more efficient agricultural development. An early culture to settle in the lowlands of Mesopotamia were the Hassuna culture, their civilization were characterized by “small settlements with a few hundred inhabitants, who lived in rectangular houses with several rooms” (Feuerbach, 2015). Another culture to settle in this area were the Samarran culture; even

A civilization is a place defined by its culture, its characteristics, and its social structure.There are many important characteristics of a civilization, but if it had to come down to 3 of them I would say social class, writing, and government are most important.Even though technology is an important characteristic to civilization I believe that social class, writing, and government are most important.