New Predictive Model For Vaginal Birth After Cesarean

Giving birth to a baby is the most amazing and miraculous experiences for parents and their loved ones. Every woman’s birth story is different and full of joy. Furthermore, the process from the moment a woman knows that she’s pregnant to being in the delivering room is very critical to both her and the newborn baby. Prenatal care is extremely important and it can impact greatly the quality of life of the baby. In this paper, the topic of giving birth will be discussed thoroughly by describing the stories of two mothers who gave birth in different decades and see how their prenatal cares are different from each other with correlation of the advancement of modern medicine between four decades.

I would have to say the separation of the "The Female Genital System" and "The Maternity Care and Delivery" subsections of the CPT are necessary and appropriate because they involve different types of care in totally different situations.

Randomization was used to generate what patient went to which group. The way the patients were chosen eliminated bias because “Randomization was performed according to a computer-generated list by means of sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes which revealed the allocation of the subject to either induction or expectant management”(Nielsen et al. p. 60). This secure randomization added a great strength to the study. The sample size seemed fairly large, 226 patients were split into 116 for elective induction and 110 to expectant management, although the power analysis was disclosed in this study and determined that 600 patients were required. Only 226 patients were used and because it would take 4 years to reach the required amount of patients, the study was discontinued. This was both a strength and weakness because disclosing this information made the study more honest but the quota needed to reach the best answers was not attained. The study for the 226 patients was pretty standard with the 80% power and alpha at 0.05. T-test and chi square tests were used to compare the proportions between the groups of people. The women were chosen based on the inclusion criteria of being 39 weeks gestation or older, maternal age of more than 17, fetal cephalic presentation, singleton gestation, a candidate for vaginal delivery, and a Bishop score of 5 or greater in nulliparous women and 4 or greater for multiparous women. This inclusion criterion was a concern because both nulliparous women and multiparous women were being tested together. This was a weakness because the labor patterns of a nulliparous woman compared to a multiparous woman are very variable and sure to distort study data. It was also disclosed how gestational age was achieved which included the crown rump test measured in 6-12

In many cases, a patient increases their odds of a cesarean section if they chose to be induced without causation. A study was conducted between the years of 1999 to 2000 with 3215 nulliparous women. The findings of this study showed that nulliparous women are at a significantly higher risk of needing a cesarean section if they were electively induced (Luthy et al., 2004). Multiple studies have looked at nulliparous versus multiparous women and have found that elective inductions do not look to increase the odds of a woman needing a cesarean section in multiparous women. Researchers have begun to look at other possible relationships between patients who undergo an elective induction that results in a caesarean section and they have found

Over the years birthing methods have changed a great deal. When technology wasn’t so advanced there was only one method of giving birth, vaginally non-medicated. However, in today’s society there are now more than one method of giving birth. In fact, there are three methods: Non-medicated vaginal delivery, medicated vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery, also known as c-section. In the cesarean delivery there is not much to prepare for before the operation, except maybe the procedure of the operation. A few things that will be discussed are: the process of cesarean delivery, reasons for this birthing method and a few reasons for why this birthing method is used. Also a question that many women have is whether or not they can vaginally

Early prenatal care is essential to mothers and babies. Doctors preferably see their pregnant patients around 8 weeks of pregnancy in which an initial evaluation is conducted which includes checking for sexually transmitted infections, they screen for gestational diabetes, and to find out when the due date is. When a woman comes in during the third trimester for an initial check-up, the due date is typically not accurate; which could result in preterm labour. Being born preterm has severe consequences, such babies are more at risk for respiratory distress syndrome, and later on in life diabetes, heart disease and obesity. Among the benefits of prenatal care is the ability to anticipate future or current problems; hence, it is essential to the health of both mother and child. Prenatal care allows health care providers to take timely measures to ensure the wellbeing of the mother and

"Women who undergo vaginal births avoid major surgery and its associated risks, such as severe bleeding, scarring, infections, reactions to anesthesia and more longer pain." (Nierenberg) For the mother, "the experience of actively delivering a baby is exciting and empowering. (Why Choose Vaginal Birth). "Vaginal birth is the essence of femininity to most women. It biologically and physically links all women. It is also an expression of a woman's sexuality." (Why Choose Vaginal Birth) Another reason that women would rather have a vaginal birth is because, "from a psychological standpoint, women who go through with a vaginsl delivery are said to have a more positive birthing experience." (Vaginal Delivery vs C-Section) There are several positives for the baby in a vaginal delivery. One positive is, "during a vaginal delivery, muscles involved in the process are more likely to squeeze out fluid found in a newborns lungs." (Nierenberg) "Babies born via vaginal delivery tend to

The EDHS of 2014 had a set of questions on maternal health services: like amount of antenatal visits to the last birth, place of antenatal, a provider of antenatal, timing of first antenatal visit, components used to assess the quality of antenatal, tetanus toxoid, place of delivery, provider help at delivery, timing of first postnatal check-up, and the provider of the postnatal check-up. Moreover, the Andersen’s behavioural model and Thaddeus’s three delays model (47, 48) will be adapted to examine the relationship between personal level socioeconomic and demographic factors, the incidence of sicknesses and use of health care services. Based on this, our variables of interest are: 1) incidence of maternal sickness, 2) incidence of neonatal sickness, and 3) use of health care services.

The rate of cesarean deliveries (CD) has risen 48% in the United States since 1996. In the US, the total percentage of women who deliver their babies via cesarean section is 32.7%, which is more than double what the World Health Organization recommends. WHO suggests that 10% to15% is medically necessary (Almendrala, 2015). There is a large variance of cesarean rates among ethnic groups, and studying these communities can possibly help us identify the reasons for these discrepancies. Nationally, Native Americans have a low percentage of cesarean sections (Leeman, 2003). In Oklahoma, 34.3% of Native American women have Cesarean deliveries. The number of CDs by Native American women specifically in Oklahoma County is slightly less than the

Research subjects were homogeneous in term of demographic information of mothers (age, educational level, employment, parity, abortion, still birth, and delivery method), and thus there was no significant between-groups difference in his regard. Research subjects were also homogeneous in terms of demographic information of infants (gender, gestational age, infant's age at the time of sampling, head circumference, the 1st and 5th minutes APGAR scores, birth weight, weight at the time of sampling, cause of hospitalization), and thus there was no significant between-groups difference in this regard.

Participants included a total of 8,986 mothers that gave birth in the research hospitals during sampling periods in 1991, and 5,416 (60%) agreed to be telephoned in 2 weeks. The exclusion criteria included mothers younger than 18, those that did not speak English, did not agree with the 2 week

Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) is the name used for identifying the method of giving birth vaginally after previously delivering at least one baby through a caesarean section (CS). A trial of labour (TOL) is the term used to describe the process of attempting a VBAC. An elected repeat caesarean (ERC) is the other option for women who have had a caesarean in the past. The rates of women choosing to deliver by means of an ERC has been increasing in many countries, this is typically due to the common assumption that there are too many risks for the baby and mother (Knight, Gurol-Urganci, Van Der Meulen, Mahmood, Richmond, Dougall, & Cromwell, 2013). The success rate of VBAC lies in the range of 56 - 80%, a reasonably high success rate, however, the repeat caesarean birth rate has increased to 83% in Australia (Knight et al., 2013). It is essential to inform women of the contraindications, success criteria, risks, benefits, information on uterine rupture and the role of the midwife in relation to considering attempting a VBAC (Hayman, 2014). This information forms the basis of an antenatal class (Appendix 1) that provides the necessary information to women who are considering attempting a VBAC and can therefore enable them to make their own decision regarding the mode of birth.

Pregnancy is normally the best and the happiest stage of any woman, but it can also be uncertain because anything can go wrong if you do not know exactly what to do. In order to understand the reasons of why Preterm Birth occurs, it is important to know what it is and how risky it can be. Preterm Birth is also known as Premature labor which mainly begins after “20 weeks but before 37 completed week’s gestations. Approximately 12.9 million babies worldwide are born too early every year representing an incidence of PTB of 9.6%” (Berghella, pp. 2, 8). Baby Center Medical Advisory Board says that about 12 percent of babies

Caesarean birth does cost more than normal vaginal delivery. It is being knocked as it draws resources from other parts of healthcare. Some have interpreted it as unethical for women undergoing caesarean section without any medical indication. On the other hand, women are now encouraged to decide their mode of delivery. More concerns are now put on women's satisfaction, particularly the pain during labour.More research results showed long- term complication of urinary and faecal problems related to vaginal births. This will make more women request caesarean section. Maternal request has been reported as a significant factor in the rise in caesarean section rate.(7).This target of 15% caesarean section rate has been commented as an authoritarian approach to health system, newborn outcome , women’s satisfaction and

The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section II reviews the literature done in the same field. Section III explains the material and methods. Section IV presents and discusses the obtained prediction model results. The paper conclusion and future work are presented on Section V.