New Strains Of The Pathogens : A Threat Variable That Greatly The Rise Of New Pathogens

The speed with which the disease was spread in a largely rural and, by modern standards, not densely populated, society; the short interval between infection and death;

Malaria: However, those who inherit just one copy of the mutation do not suffer too badly; in fact, they are resistant to malaria which defined as an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever. The discovery told geneticists much about evolution and how harmful mutations can increase to relatively high levels within a population provided they confer some advantage. By understanding how

Diamond addresses many things about how interacting or being near different animals can cause different diseases that typically spreads to humans. Germs can be passed on from animals to humans when then can be passed on to other humans. All humans have different types of effects to these germs. Diamond says, “In an epidemic those people with genes for resistance to that particular microbe are more likely to survive than are people lacking such genes” (Diamond 201). Some people can be more immune to some diseases due to being more genetically resistant to the particular disease, but, there are others who are not immune to the diseases which can lead to death quickly. Those that are not immune to the disease can be wiped out causing them to die and not be able to create their own family. This can affect the way on how the individual differs in the way the germs effect them. Diamond says, “The rapid spread of microbes, and the rapid course of symptoms, mean that everybody in a local human population is quickly infected and soon thereafter is either dead or else recovered and immune” (Diamond 203). Generally, humans with weak immune systems usually die off without having a family and then, there are others that are immune to diseases. But if one person is exposed to the disease, many others are then exposed to it because of it spreading to others rapidly.

Many things stayed the same during this time period as well regarding migration. Among these continuities was the motivation for migration, which remained economic. Whether as part of slave trade or seeking a better life, people migrated for these reasons. The steady flow of migrants leaving their homes in the east and migrating to the americas seeking economic gain as well as religious freedom also was consistent throughout the period. Disease comes hand in hand with migration. The migrants carried with them diseases such as HIV and malaria to places where the established populations possessed no immunities or tolerance to the diseases for they had never been exposed to them before. This was present when europeans migrated to America and wiped out vast populations of native americans with the diseases they carried and continued through the

epidemics to childhood ills." (6) It was in this form that diseases were carried to

Disease was common and easily spread across the city because all the people lived so close. It became an unsanitary place to live. Although, there was a positive reaction that influenced the conditions to be improved. There was more educated people who were able to care for others and treat them of their sickness. Document ten explains in depth why the conditions were improved.

Although most disease struck the poorest, the upper class was not fully immune. Because people wanted to move to cities to make their lives better, they were forced to live around these diseases without proper means for prevention, protection, and recovery. Once contracting the disease, they would either die within hours or suffer from uncontrollable diarrhea and pain. In addition, scientific knowledge on disease was not as developed as it fortunately is today. Doctors had not yet learned the concept of a germ theory and instead associated the disease with the “bad air” that surrounded toxic, polluted cities. This “bad air” was known as miasa and was incorrectly used to explain the spread of cholera in major cities during the mid 1800s. After studies and research, doctors noticed that there was a heavy concentration of miasmata near certain rivers, but they still connected it to a lack of air quality in bustling cities such as Manchester, London, and Paris. Although air pollution and coal emissions did play a role in certain illnesses, they were not the main cause for diseases such as cholera. Poor ventilation, dirty homes, malnourishment, and no access to clean water made people easily susceptible to a ruthless disease like cholera. Moreover, causes of cholera were investigated more thoroughly after John Snow’s theory claimed that cholera was spread through the water John Snow was an English physician who is today considered one of the fathers of modern epidemiology, the branch of medicine that deals with the distribution and control of diseases relating to health. Finally, doctors could see cholera in a new light and were able to find better means of protection and prevention for its victims. Today, doctors recognize the germ theory of disease which states that some diseases are caused by microorganisms, and not just by “bad

It often causes massive epidemics of which only the most resilient individuals survive. As natural selection weeds out the most susceptible hosts and the survivors repopulate, what was once a deadly disease becomes a routine childhood illness.

In a developing society where a variety people come together, different customs and practices, as well as diseases, are exchanged. One example of an outbreak of a disease is the

Most diseases begin with what is called "the virgin field"—a scenario in which humans have no natural or man-made immunity to the disease. To see the progress of a disease in a particular community, start by predicting how many sick days will be reported when you run the Kold disease through a medium-sized population, and record your prediction in the data table. In this first run-through, we'll assume that the population does not move around the field; they interact with their neighbors, but do not travel long distances.

The conditions that contribute to the ability of diseases to flourish and spread are climate changes, globalization, urbanization, and creating medication that no longer kills the disease. These diseases are able to survive and become powerful because of they are able to evolve rapidly to our changing society.

F. Germs or diseases are easily spread from person to person. In a very densely populated society germs can easily spread between people versus a spacious nomadic society. Your body will naturally tries to become immune and fight germs. In colonization it will be harder to fight germs because of the high amount of people and numerous contact between them. Yali is referring to the physical cargo but the cargo now includes germs and other diseases that are brought in. These germs now become an important part of their culture and society.

The colonization of Africa created countries riddled with disease because they forced the native Africans away from their homes to mine and take away the continent’s resources. Putting all those people with the people who have already been infected together, germs are spread

Eventually, the diseases are always around in some variety, but there is a "low incidence of infection…with the only susceptible individuals" are those "entering by birth," which is way diseases like measles and chick pox effect mostly the young, "or from outside." These individuals show higher rates of infection and death than those already living there amongst the diseases do. (Linton, 131,141) This is precisely what occurred to the natives of the New

While others, were only effected by direct contact. It was thought to have been sustainable by even touching clothing or other such items of the infected. Conditions of the fourteenth century were also a contributing factor. Famine had been an arising issue due to the number of overpopulation. Because of this, their immune systems began to weaken. “Europeans were susceptible to disease because many people lived in crowded surroundings in an era when personal hygiene was not considered important” (Dowling). The cities were unsanitary and littered with germs, making it easier to sustain such diseases. Unhealthy habits were conducted and medical advances had not yet been made. Doctors themselves had not known what to advise. No prescriptions had worked. There was no cure to what was happening. Most were not even aware of what was impending upon them. Anything that could would be tried, in hopes of living. People were becoming desperate.