New Technology: Hydrate-Based (CO2)

CO2 is not really ideal. There are dispersion forces between the

Last month, we started out the CO2 Dragster Project. Our assignment was about designing and building a race car made of balsa wood for the Dragster Race. We were supposed to sketch 5 different designs of the top and side views of the dragster on OneNote, and pick one of the five to be our final designs. Unfortunately, I transferred to this school halfway through the project, and I had to change my plan: sketch only one design. When I first started, I had no experience with this, and I did not have as much time as most people did, so I thought l wouldn’t do well on this. This project was challenging to me, students needed many skills to do a good job on the project. Personally, the greatest challenges were patience and determination of hard work.

Hydrates are combinations that are salts with water particles synthetically clung to them. Really, the holding is intriguing in that the water particles bond specifically to the metal cation. Hydrates fall in an expansive class called coordinated compounds in view of the sort

Louis Zhou Yijun Zhang (G11B) Pre-AP Chemistry May 22, 2017 Lab: Collecting Gases Over Water 2KClO_3 (s) ∆/(MnO_2 ) 2KCl(s)+3O_2 (g) Objectives

For this experiment we analyze the percent water in a crystalline hydrate. By examining the percentage we then are able to identify the changes in compound and compare them to that of unknown possibilities. In order to identify what hydrate we’re experimenting with, it must first be weighted using an analytical balance and record its initial state. To begin the heating process, the hydrate is moved back and forth over a flame at a 45 degree angle in order to remove any water within the hydrate. Thus it becomes a anhydrous residue after heat is applied. In order to achieve a constant weight of 0.002g or less, the anhydrous needs to be heated several times in order to eliminate most of the water contained. By calculating the the initial and final stage of the hydrate, the percent water will be determined. Finally, by comparing the mass of water lost from the unknown hydrate, the compound can be referenced from a list of unknowns.

Figure 3. Diagrammic representation of how the apparatus should be set up to heat the de-ionized water, in which carbon dioxide gas would be dissolved afterwards in a gas syringe, to a selected temperature with the aid of temperature measurement by thermometer

To reduce the effect of CO2 emission, carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) was introduced by geological storage of CO2 under the solubility trapping mechanism. Enhancing CO2 solubility in formation water has always been of great importance to the investigators in the area of CO2 storage. Ultrasound technique is one of the environmental friendly methods that uses high intensity acoustic waves to alter properties of different phases that lead to chemical reactions and provide a means to increase the solubility of CO2 in connate water. In this study we investigated the effects of ultrasound on the solubility of CO2 in connate water under different conditions of pressure, temperature, and salinity. The results showed that the solubility

CO2 corrosion or the so called “sweet corrosion” of steel has been a major problem in the oil and gas industry, especially now days this problem has jumped on the top of the corrosion problems list; this is because of the CO2 technique of injection for enhanced oil recovery and utilization of deep natural gas reservoirs that contain carbon dioxide [1]. The presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water can cause corrosion problems to the gas transportation pipelines. The bottom of line (internal) corrosion is influenced by many important parameters such as; CO2 partial pressure, temperature, water chemistry, flow velocity, pH value, corrosion inhibition, composition and surface condition of the steel. Any small change in one of these factors could change the corrosion rate considerably. The corrosion rate of CO2 can be reduced under certain conditions when the corrosion product, iron carbonate (FeCO3) precipitates on the steel surface to form a protective corrosion product film. This can happen easily at high pH (pH stabilization) or high temperature in the water phase. A very high corrosion rate of several millimeters per year can take place when protective corrosion products are not deposited on the steel surface. One of the worrying types of corrosion attack in oil and gas pipelines is the localized corrosion and very high corrosion rates can occur when the corrosion product film does not give enough protection.

The aim of this section is to discuss the potential environmental impacts of CO2-EOR (as well as CO2 sequestration) which may cause additional significant issues not encountered in normal oil and gas operations. There are number of variables that should be considered when planning for CO2 flooding as well as CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) in order to reduce potential adverse impacts on the humans as well as the environment. When it comes to CO2 EOR, or CO2 flooding, the main concerns are how to prevent it from leaking to the nearby formations, such as potable water sources and such as well as how to make sure the CO2 is retained in the repository of interest in case of CO2 sequestration.

Hydrates formation is a major flow assurance concern onshore and offshore. It forms during gas expansion due to Joule–Thomson effect and may also form at elevated pressures and low temperatures which is prevalent in offshore environments. Methanol is a very good hydrate inhibitor but its use can pose some health and safety challenges to personnel on the field. High methanol content in the hydrocarbon also reduces the market value of the crude. This research compared the performance of methanol and ethanol in hydrate inhibition in a simulated gas field using CSMGem and in an experimental set up using Hydrate Mini Flow loop. Results showed that 20000ppmw of Ethanol adequately prevents

It involves separating CO2 from other gases at large industrial process facilities or electricity generation plants. This can be done in three ways: pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxy-fuel combustion.

Therefore, this essay will explore the hidden threat of methane hydrates as a significant contribution to future global warming by examining in depth the structure of methane hydrates and why this is crucial to the specific factors that determine the stability of methane hydrates and what environmental changes are necessary to destabilise this as well as their past and future threats to global

Because of the advantages of high gas–solid contact efficiency, the fluidized bed has been widely investigated in catalytic cracking [20], drying [21], combustion [22], and other chemical industries, which have a significant effect on the chemical, environmental, and metallurgical industry around the world. As the novel application of the fluidized bed in the mineral field, ADMFB would significantly enrich the theory and application of the fluidized bed. At present, many studies on the ADMFB were conducted including the feed particle size, bubble behavior, density fluctuation, and air distributor characteristics. Meanwhile, ADMFB have been widely used for other minerals separation, for example, Oshitani et al. studied iron ore separation by the ADMFB [23–25]. In particular, ADMFB researched by the China University of Mining and Technology has been successfully used in -50 + 6 mm coal separation with a probable error (E) of 0.05. Moreover, the first industrial dry coal preparation plant was established in Xinjiang, China [26].

With nations like Costa Rica, Albania, Paraguay, and Iceland all currently running on 100% renewable electricity, the notion of clean Audi e-fuels rule and sustainable energy is becoming a more realistic and feasible option in the minds of many.

Oxy-fuel combustion capture systems are a unique form of carbon capture with several advantages. To begin, oxy-combustion power plants are able to utilize high efficiency steam cycles without removing large amounts of steam for the purposes of CO2 capture . Also, Oxy-fuel combustion is found to be able to achieve a higher CO2 capture rate at lower costs. The baseline capture rate or both pre-and post-combustion capture methods is 90%, whereas Oxy-fuel combustion is determined to have a 98% capture rate for lower costs . Additionally, this method does not require any chemical operations, and is run purely on rotating equipment and heat exchangers. This equipment can be found in power plants; thus, power plants may utilize this method without the extra cost of buying equipment for the purpose of carbon capture.