New Therapeutic Strategies For Ovarian Cancer

Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 locus is intensely over expressed in breast and prostate cancer and it’s been established that its promoter inhibition by p53 has led to reduced cell proliferation and invasion (Bracken, 2003; Xiao, 2011). Objective is to clone a forward orientated EZH2 insert into a his-tagged pbluescript. Cloning EZH2 into a histidine-tagged pbluescript in a forward orientation potentially allows isolation of protein via Affinity Chromatography or Chromatin Immunoprecipitation therefore its role, effects and targets in the genome can be established. Resultant Recombinant plasmids in

The EZH2 (enhance of zeste homolog2) is an enzyme that in humans is fixed by EZH2 and its supply the information’s about making of enzyme called a histone me-thyltransferase. The ploycomb group (PcG) is a protein with the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex) which the transcriptional involved in maintaining the repressive of genes cells and also the EZH2 mainly performs as a silence gene. The EZH2 performs the role by addition of methyl groups on the ly-sine 27 of histone H3, a modification leading chromatin

Huang, J., & Hornyak, T. (2015, January 7). Polycomb group proteins – epigenetic repressors with emerging roles in melanocytes and melanoma [Video file]. Retrieved from

2. Herzog, T. J., Armstrong, D. K., Brady, M. F., Coleman, R. L., Einstein, M. H., Monk, B. J., . . . Alvarez, R. D. (2014). Ovarian cancer clinical trial endpoints: Society of Gynecologic Oncology white paper. Gynecologic Oncology,132(1), 8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.008

The main question being addressed in “Local chromatin environment of a Polycomb target gene instructs its own epigenetic inheritance” is whether histones modified by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) are inherited through memory stored locally in gene expression sites (cis memory) or by concentrations of diffusible factors at chromatin states (trans memory). Before this study’s findings were published, the studies mentioned in the introduction, which served as precursors to this study, imply that memory storage is possibly cis, but this study is trying to prove whether or not these implications are correct.

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. (2013, June 19). Patient education: Ovarian cancer. Retrieved February 8, 2016, from

Ovarian cancer is less common, with a projected 22, 440 new cases. However, it carries a much higher mortality rate.

During methylation, methyl groups (CH3) are attached to histone tails with the aid of histone methyltransferases (HMTs). These proteins transfer one, two, or three methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to lysine or arginine residues. Lysine methylation involves a lysine methyltransferase that specifically targets and methylates lysine within the N-terminal tails. Similarly, arginine methylation occurs through the transfer of methyl groups from SAM to the ɯ-guanidino group of arginine. Although histone methylation does not change the charge of residues and does not greatly impact nucleosome interactions for chromatin folding, it results in binding sites for certain enzymes, which enables the regulation of chromatin condensation and nucleosome mobility. Methylation can also block the binding of proteins that interact with unmethylated histones and inhibit other modifications. Therefore, histone methylation regulates genes by promoting the binding of positive transcription factors and by blocking the attachment of negative transcription factors. However, some methylations can prevent gene transcription by mediating heterochromatin formation. For example, H3-K9 and H3-K27 methylation silences gene expression at certain euchromatic

Ovarian cancer incidence has shown a decreasing trend over the past two decades. According to the National Health Institute, incidence rates have decreased by 3.5% from 1992 to 2014 in the United States (“Cancer Stat Facts,” 2014). Numerous risk factors contribute to the incidence of ovarian cancer (Reid, Permuth, & Sellers, 2017). An earlier age of menarche in young girls and a later age of menopause in older women have both shown an increased risk due to more ovulation cycles. In relation to the number of ovulation cycles, increased parity relates to a decrease in incidence. Genetics plays a role as well, specifically with mutations to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Much of the recent research studies center around Or (OCs) as preventive

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer related to the ovaries. It currently accounts for approximately 3% of all cancers in women. Ovaries are comprised of three types of cells, each of them being able to differentiate into a type of cancer. These three types are epithelial, germ, and stromal cells. The most common type of ovarian cancer is derived from the epithelial cells. According to the American Cancer Society, ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from all types of cancer that are related to the female reproductive system. Moreover, it is estimated that approximately 55% of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer die in the first 5 years of diagnosis. However, if the tumor is diagnosed before the age of 65, this percentage decreases.

H3K9me is a characteristic of heterochromatin. However, increasing the centromere H3 Lys-9 methylation by targeting H3K9 methylase (Suv39h1) inhibits de novo CENP-A and CCAN assembly and kinetochore formation. Where as shifting the balance towards more H3K9ac by recruiting HAT1 facilitated CENP-A assembly[90, 91]. These studies suggest that a perfect balance of the functionally distinct and opposing PTMs is necessary for centromere maintenance and functions. This allows regulated transcription of the underlying chromatin, which is essential for centromeres function[89, 92, 93].

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading cause feminine death. Ovarian cancer is cancer that is located in the female organ that produces eggs. Ovarian cancer is most likely to develop in the females that have lived half a century or more. Ovarian cancer cannot be discovered until it has reached the pelvis area in certain tests. Once it has actually reached the pelvis area, it is considered fatal and this is considered the last stage. There are three types of ovarian cancer: epithelial, stromal, and germ line cancer. Epithelial tumor occurs in the outside layer of the ovary, stromal tumor occurs in the ovarian tissue and germ cell tumor occurs in the egg producing cells. One of the possible causes for ovarian cancer is a known mutation in the

Ovarian cancer occurs when not normal cells grow in one or both of the ovaries which are small glands on either side of the uterus in female’s body that store and release eggs (ova). Also they produce female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone. There are two types of ovarian cancer epithelial and germ cell cancers. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type and often occurs in women who are past menopause. This type of cancer grows in the tissues that cover ovaries. Experts do not know the exactly cause of this cancer but, they know the DNA changes play role in

I would like to consider myself an ovarian cancer survivor. It has already been seven years since I have completed my chemotherapy here in Australia. It was a life changing event. With God’s help, I was able to overcome the difficulties the diagnosis presented. The nurses who looked after me were a huge part in supporting not only me but my family from Philippines who were able to visit during the time I am battling cancer.

As an elegant manipulation of the cell cycle, cancer pathways have demanded significant attention by the world’s researchers. From molecular biology to inorganic chemistry, each field has conducted a variety of studies to elucidate the pathways cancer manipulates in order to develop successful treatments. To this end, chemotherapy emerged as a prominent research field in the early 1960s and is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells.1 Classical chemotherapeutics began with cisplatin and expanded to develop more potent second and third generation analogues, such as oxaliplatin and carboplatin