New York City Water Supply Systems

It is hard to imagine in the twenty first century the level of filth that was experienced in the 1830’s on a daily basis. Sanitation, public health and sewer systems were problems that gripped the nation throughout the ninetieth century (1830-1860s), encouraging popular debate and proposal of changes. The growth of population and increase in the industry

For this paper water structures and infrastructures were selected as focus points because the longer we wait to fix issues with them, the more expensive it will get, in other words, we are in a race against time. Studying the past it is easy to see how water availability made population explode in an area such as Southern California, where savvy marketing and great politics made it happen. Particularly, for Los Angeles and for the purposes of public narrative, Marc Reisner’s Cadillac Desert does a great job at understanding and identifying the politics and key figures in getting water to Los Angeles. Great hydrologic structures were created using both manpower and water politics. It is important to state that there are connections between water, politics, environment, and geography when analyzing what the biggest problems involving water structures and infrastructures (Reisner.) We must think of water as both a socio-political issue and a natural resource, whose fate is molded by the understanding of its connectivity to itself, man-made structures, geography, environment, and society. The classes taken in this program have taught us ideals that in order to become a great water resource manager, one must master the political and scientific knowledge to make decisions that are prosperous for society and the environment. Furthermore, one must know the United States’ hydrological history in order to gain manipulation upon the system that makes it both thrive and deteriorate.

There were also improper sewage disposals, which led to contaminated drinking water and people got typhoid fever and cholera. A major problem in American society was the separation by classes. You could clearly see the boundaries between the parts of town where the upper, middle, and working class lived. The upper wealthy class lived in the heart of the city in large homes and many of them had servants as well.

This organization submitted a report to public officials providing evidence of the need for sanitary and hygiene reform based on New York City’s living conditions (p. 161). “This survey was the impetus for legislation…established the first major municipal health department of the modern era, An Act to Create a Metropolitan Sanitary District Board of Health” (p. 161). This department was a model for other communities for public health improvement in response to the Civil War. The survey concluded that out of 714 buildings classed as tenant houses, less than half had a waste pipe or drain connected tot he sewer; most liquid emptied into the streets (p. 178). This department proved that government involvement was needed in order to official make a change in health standards.

They had to get each of the features of the bathroom at separate times. Since the working class struggled more than the other classes the government decided to take action and help out the working class along with the other classes by providing Warnings sewers system to their community.

The main pipes connected to other pipes throughout the city and distributed water to places like public fountains, baths, pools, and private homes.

As big cities began to form in the nineteenth century, all ethnicities were close in contact. The workers in the big cities had no other option, but to live in the overcrowded apartments. In Manhattan, 42,700 apartments housed 1.6 million people (Tindall 622). The large amount of people led to health problems and the problems in the streets. The tenement housing was so poorly designed, so there were communal toilets. The toilets were held outside in the alley. The families were so tightly compacted, that the children had no place to play, so they filled the streets. Raw sewage was dumped in the streets and contaminated water was a major problem. The poor living conditions created a hostile environment for the immigrant workers and the American workers as well. The immigrants came to America because they heard that it was a great place to be that would provide them with all the essentials to help their families. Instead, they arrived in America and had to live and work in a harsh

New York in the 1920's: The time period of the 1920’s was widely known as an era of prosperity. It was also an era of contradictions for New York as a modern industrial city that, with engineering feats of such wonder, had conquered the sky and constructed a hidden network of underground power lines, sewer lines, and water lines. They also bridged the gap between the city's infrastructural capacity and its population then again widened. The city's roads did not keep up with the rapidly increasing popularity of the automobile.

Chicago is the third largest city in the United States with a population of almost 3 millions residents. A multitude of different social economic backgrounds and cultures make up the cities dense population. With a city so large and bordered by Lake Michigan the city has many a citizen to hydrate with one of the most natural needs of man, water. The city has it’s own municipal filtration purification plant, however with an annual precipitation of anywhere from 36.9 to 37.8 inches, many residents have also turned to collecting and sometimes filtering their own water NCDC: “National Climatic Data Center” NOAA 's 1981-2010 Climate Normals. How exactly is water filtered in Chicago and who and how are citizen’s who choose to collect their own water utilizing it and filtering it?

The first stage involves the removal of solid and liquid particles through filtration. Sydney Water mainly uses ferric chloride to prevent the recurrence of murky water. They also use small amounts of long chain polymers (polyelectrolyte) as a secondary coagulant. It is then followed by the inactivation of microorganisms; to which all monitored filtering plants uses a strong oxidant for disinfection (in Sydney Water, chlorine is used). The last stage involves the addition of fluoride to the water to fulfil the requirements of the Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies Act 1957. This, along with the added lime and carbon dioxide, reduces the corrosivity of

New York City has one of the most top quality drinking water and is called "the champagne of drinking water"[13] which is due to its unique water treatment system that consists of a vast reservoir system. A reservoir is a natural or artificial source of untreated water that can be found underground or at ground level that can include water treatment and associated equipment (pumps and piping systems).[1] There are three major watershed systems in which New York receives its water which are The Croton System, The Catskill System, The Delaware System. The reservoir systems pump approximately 1.1 billion gallons of fresh and clean

The city of Sacramento, the state capital of California, is confronted with the need to take action to manage current water consumption trends with respect to climate change, an increase in population, and an increase in business. Residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural demand for water are rising during the recent period of drought that triggered the notion of conservation efforts statewide and the potential for water supply shortage is extremely high. This is a plan to respond to the crisis by changing the way the city manages its water supply by enacting new structured fees for business and residential water consumption tiers and furnishing an educational program designed to familiarize consumers with the enforcement of a new tiered fee structure. The proposal is written in response the state’s 20x2020 plan that dictates universal water reduction with the intention of reaching a fixed 20% of overall water consumption reduction by the end of the decade, and the CALGreen building code that regulates the implementation of water-saving technology in new and existing construction.

The Denver Water Board will provide a specific look at a rapidly growing system of water supply. What does planning look like to support the growing population. This will shed light on how well a single city is keeping up with water demands. How will the supply stay constant and will that supply keep the quality that people are used to? This will also look at our recreational

The condition of water and cleanliness in the world's cities found that water syndication systems are inadequate, typically offering the city's upper- and middle-class neighborhoods but not to the swiftly expanded settlements on the colonial fringe. In addition, the current info on the provision of water and sanitation in colonial areas is very vulnerable and the true scenario is actually far even worse than most international standard suggest.

Every day Americans depend on public water systems to treat and deliver over 44 billion gallons of water to homes daily (“Importance of Clean Water”). However, Americans