New Zealand Based Individual Nicotine Replacement Therapy And Population Level Tobacco Essay
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The following literature review will be focussed on both New Zealand-based individual nicotine replacement therapy and population level tobacco taxation attempts in addressing nicotine addiction through tobacco (cigarette) smoking. It will achieve this through special focus on ethnic minority groups such as Māori and Pacific Island populations, as well as low socio-economic populations who engage in smoking cigarettes and are affected disproportionally. Through this, the review will aim to describe and explain the addiction, as well as its’ impact on society. It will also critically evaluate the limitations and effectiveness of past responses and interventions that have been implemented to reduce the prevalence of addicted smokers in New Zealand.
Through the analysis of literature, one can determine the history of nicotine dependence and past interventions to address the issue, in order to examine the effectiveness of specific individual and population-based interventions. Likewise, literature highlights the effects on the individual user as well as wider society and presents an over-arching issue of ethnic disparities of prevalence and widening affects on inequality gaps between minority groups such as Māori and Pacific populations compared to European groups. European settlers introduced tobacco to the Māori early during colonization throughout the 1800’s, where it was a common trade commodity and negative impacts on health were unknown, it is likely that this is the
important opportunities for health promotion with potential to reform health at the legislative level. Health promotion is defined by Kreuter and Devore (1980) as, “the process of advocating health in order to enhance the probability that person (individual, family, and community), private (professional and business), and public (federal, state, and local government) support of positive
evaluation of tobacco control policy in Australia. It will review and describe some of the various governmental policies on tobacco, and discuss evidence that shows the impact of these policies.
1.2 Methodology
Desk research was conducted by accessing relevant governmental and Commonwealth websites for legislative requirements. Information about public and private external organisations was gathered by internet research, not using specific data bank.
2.0 Tobacco control policies in Australia
Tobacco smoking
Do more, feel better, live longer
GlaxoSmithKline Annual Report 2010
Contents
Business review P08–P57 Governance and remuneration P58–P101 Financial statements P102–P191 Shareholder information P192–P212
Business review 2010 Performance overview Research and development Pipeline summary Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation Manufacturing and supply World market GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial position and resources
Introduction to Hydroponics and Controlled Environment Agriculture
by Patricia A. Rorabaugh, Ph.D. University of Arizona Controlled Environment Agriculture Center 1951 E. Roger Road Tucson, AZ 85719 Revised December, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: Controlled Environment Agriculture and Hydroponics: Past, Present and Future The Plant How to grow greenhouse crops Plant Protection: Insects and Diseases Basic Principals of Hydroponics Transplant Production Pollination, Fertilization and Bee