Newborn Reflexes Research Paper

New Born babies use their senses from the moment they are born, they can already recognise their mothers voice and smell and they have natural reflexes for example the Walking and standing reflex which

| * Usually born around 40 weeks gestation * Has swallowing and sucking reflex * Has rooting reflex * Has grasp reflex * Walking or standing reflex * Gaining about 5-7 ounces per week * Growth about 5cms by age 2 months

The physical development of a baby in its first six months of life shows limited range of movement but the beginnings of an ability to respond to stimulus around them. They show their reaction to people, sounds and movement by turning their head toward whatever attracts their attention. They will watch an adult’s face whilst feeding, but have already begun to shows signs of recognition as they will smile when familiar people are around them either because they can see them

At birth surprisingly a child has intellectually learned to do things already such as smell their mother and recognise her voice. They have also learnt that when they cry it lets people know that they need help and within the first few days of life they learn to use their senses particularly touch, taste and sound. At infancy a child is expected to weigh around 3.5kg or 7 1/2lbs and 50cm long. Bonding is very important socially and emotionally for both mother and baby, helps relationship in later life because they become closer. The babies reflexes are now improving, some of them are automatic responses. E.g. sucking a nipple or a bottle. Grasp reflex is when a

| At birth babies are born with reflexes – such as: * swallowing and sucking * rooting * grasping * startle reflexIn the first few months babies change considerably * gradually sleeping less * looking less curled up and startle less

| Reflexes –Sucking, Grasping, Drinking, Eating.Lifting head unaided.Latterly, crawling, rolling over and possibly standing or cruising.

The sub stages of sensorimotor starts with Reflexive Schemes (0-1 month) During this sub stage, the child starts to develop what the environment around him is like, solely based on inborn reflexes such as looking, and sucking. Primary circular Reactions (1-4 months), during this stage the child develops sensation and a few different schemas. For example, the infant will start sucking on her or his thumb not noticing their actions, however, later they will intentionally do the action again. These actions occur because the child finds pleasure out of it. Secondary Circulation Reactions (4-8 months), this sub stage, as we can tell the infant seems to become more focused of what is going on around him in the world. The infant will repeat specific

Reflexes are responses that occur when the body receives a certain stimulus. Although there is a specific reflex that could be a sign that a child over the age of two or an adult could have a central nervous system disorder and it's call the Babinski reflex. The Babinski reflex is one of the normal reflexes found in infants. It occurs when the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out. It's normal for children up to two years old and could disappear as early as 12 months.

These reflexes are important for survival. The rooting reflex is when you rub the infant’s cheek they move their head in the direction and start sucking. This is important because sucking is important for ingestion for infant to survive.

The state of sleeping begins in the womb, long before a baby is born. There are three sleep states which have been recognized in babies and are based on particular patterns of brain activity and changes in rate of the heart and movement of the eyes. The three states are known as active, quiet, and indeterminate sleep. Active sleep is the equivalent of REM sleep in. Quiet sleep is the equivalent of non-REM sleep. Indeterminate sleep is the state in which neither active nor quiet sleep, as well as wakefulness, are present. Indeterminate sleep is the result of the baby’s brain not being able to coordinate all periods of sleep and wakefulness all of the time. As the pregnancy progresses, the baby’s awake and asleep patterns develop and are more

Throughout the course of a year, the viral disease that is responsible for making mammals go crazy kills thousands. The disease commonly goes by the name of “rabies” which is a neurological disease that prioritizes its attacks on the brain. Once in control, the disease creates various symptoms that lead to death. Rabies can be transmitted throughout mammals and humans through exposure to the diseased bacteria. This includes any wound that exposes the bloodstream which results in direct contact with the bacteria. The main cause of the deaths are due to the lack of treatment. Now, vaccines are given to prevent infection but, failure to obtain this vaccine places the mammal at a greater risk of death. Rabies is a neurological viral disease that

Newborns have an immature brain, which does not produce brain waves like the average adult (Moorcroft, 2013, pg. 27). Nevertheless, they do not have the same polysomnographic criteria as most other ages (Moorcroft, 2013, pg. 27). Thus, newborns have three stages of their own called quiet sleep, active sleep, and intermediate sleep (Moorcroft, 2013, pg. 27). Quiet sleep consists of no eye and body movement and a high EMG (Moorcroft, 2013, pg. 27). Active sleep consists of “low voltage, irregular brainwaves, eye movement, low EMG, body and facial movement, and occasional vocalization” (Moorcroft, 2013, pg. 27). Also, newborns differ through sleep and wake periods “across the nychthemeron” (Moorcroft, 2013, pg. 27).

Sleeping for newborns can be directly related to their age, genes or social environments. Approximately half of the sleep in newborns is considered REM sleep, which can be witnesses by the flickering, consequently this means that the brain is working. However, over time REM sleep changes and we begin to see patterns in the transitional sleep, where an infant can be partial asleep and

There are two groups of reflexes in the human body, with two ways to categorize each of them. Reflexes can either be inborn and connected through the nervous system, or they can be learned through practice. Another way to explain a reflexive category would be autonomic reflexes or somatic reflexes. Autonomic reflexes are those which are unaware to us and act on visceral organs of the body, whereas somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscle stimulation. Both types of reflexes are put into effect via the nervous system. (1)

Sensation and perception are tested in infants through the senses sight, sound, taste, smell, touch and pain.