Newton's Laws Of Motion: Breaking Down Castle Walls In The Middle Ages

A catapult has been used all throughout history as a siege engine. A siege engine is a device that is designed to break or circumvent city walls and other fortifications in siege warfare. A catapult was one of the approximately 10 weapons used in siege warfare during an assault on a castle or fortification. Some other weapons used in both ancient and medieval siege warfare included the well known trebuchet, the classic battering ram, and the siege tower. All of these devices and their relatives were used both in ancient and medieval times in large numbers, and to their users utter enjoyment, and they remained effective for ages, despite an opponent's usually inefficient ways of trying to impede the seige weapons

A trebuchet is a siege weapon most commonly used in the middle ages. It uses gravity to propel an object. There are competitions held today called "Pumpkin Chunkin '" which use trebuchets to launch pumpkins as far as possible. The common question is what the dimensions should be when making it. Should the arm be longer or shorter? Should the counterweight be heavier or lighter? These questions have been asked by competitors in trebuchet competition as well as engineers. And this is why the project is in the field of mechanical engineering.

Objective: Using a marble launcher, launch marbles from different angles with different forces to find the maximum height and the velocity as it leaves the launcher. Using different variables and results to determine how the different angles and amounts of force effect the variables. With this data show the effect the forces cause in 1-D and 2-D motion, as well as in the X and Y directions. This is done through kinematic equations and calculations.

Newton 's three laws of motion play a huge role in our everyday life; from driving down the road and catching a baseball. Newton’s laws help us fully understand gravity, motion, and force in three easy-to-understand laws.

Sir Isaac Newton, an astronomer, mathematician, and a scientist is described to be "one of the greatest names in history of human thought.”  According to biography.com, Newton was born on December 25, 1642 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, and was interested in creating mechanic toys as a young boy (2016). He even invented an impressive, small windmill, which would grind wheat and corn, at a young age. Newton explored beyond the secrets of light and color, found gravity, and even discovered a new form of mathematics, called calculus. It was Newton who had explained why a rock is heavier than a pebble, and how earth's gravity could hold the moon in its orbit. Isaac Newton’s discoveries proved him

Isaac Newton is considered one of the most important philosophies (scientist) in history. One of the biggest accomplishments the newton created was discovering the theory of gravity. Defined in the Principia, his theory about gravity helped to explain the movements of the planets and the Sun. This theory is known today as Newton's law of universal gravitation. Also Newton's created the laws of motion were three fundamental laws of physics that laid the foundation for classical

Trebuchets are most commonly known as medieval weapons used in the Middle Ages. Us three were to build a smaller scale of the trebuchet and had to make sure it hit the target two out of the five times. We had to build a hinged-counter weight type of trebuchet with wheels that could throw a ping pong or golf ball. Through the paper I will explain the history throughout trebuchets and why to have wheels and to have a hinged counter weight on the trebuchet. Also the calculations on the potential energy and velocity are through this report. Our trebuchet met all of the requirements that were to be made and it hit the target three out of the five times. This report will

Isaac Newton is an english physicist and mathematician from the United Kingdom. He is most famous for his law of gravitation. Newton played an important role in the evolution of science in the 1700’s, and is why he is considered one of the greatest minds in the 1700’s. He made discoveries in optics, motion, and mathematics. Newton also published a book (Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica), which has been called the single most influential book in all of physics

The castle was an important aspect of warfare from the 10th to 13th centuries. Castles, particularly in England, played an essential role in warfare because of the power associated with them. Changes in castle defense are represented by two important types of castles: the motte and bailey castle and, later, the concentric castles. As a whole, they became more secure and fluid. Stronger materials were necessary to ensure more powerful weapons could not penetrate the defenses easily.

Newton’s laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the connection between a body and the different forces acting upon it, as well as its motion in response to those forces. Isaac Newton developed Galileo’s ideas further and developed three law of motions. Newton’s First Law of Motion states that an object at rest with remain this way unless if it affected by a force. Also if an object that is moving will continue at the same speed as well as the same direction until an unbalanced force acts upon it. An example of unbalance force is when a scooter is being driven, the friction and air resistance is going at it, the weight of the scooter is keeping the weight on the ground, the reaction force is going up and the thrust of the scooter going forward. The force’s tendency to resist any change in motion is called an object’s inertia. Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that an object will keep on accelerating in the direction of an unbalance force acting upon it. The mass of the object and the size of the force acting depends upon the size of the acceleration., F_net=m x a, is the formula to work out the total amount of force acting upon an object. This formula can be

Moats reduced the risk of tunnelling under the castle. Arrow and Gun Loops these provided a safer means of firing arrows on the attackers of the castle. They are found in many different styles on the curtain wall and towers of the castle. The Motte and Bailey Castles were used as a fortified post for the Cavalry to keep order in the surrounding areas. The castles were intended to intimidate the local population. Should a castle be attacked the success in defending the Motte and Bailey Castles depended on how well the castle had been built - the height and the building materials. Their weapons - the number of arrows and the number of soldiers as opposed to the attacking

The physics concepts associated with them are projectile motion, energy, momentum, forces , speeds, and distances. The kinds of catapults all use the same theme of accumulated tension, but acquire that tension in their own way, their own design. The Mangonel catapult for instance, is what most of us think of as the traditional catapult. A large wooden device with four wheels and a spoon that launches fireballs. The Mangonel stores energy much like a spring would, therefore, we use the equation PEspring = 1/2kx^2. The tension in the ropes and arms of the catapult when pulling on its long arm stores potential energy which is transformed into kinetic energy when fired upon.

This picture in the middle ages shows how the side attacking the castle could win by using catapults to knock down the castle, But the side defending the castle, on the other hand, might be able to pull off a win because they have the high ground and protection from castle walls. Based on my observations, I believe that the side defending the castle will take the win.

Isaac Newton was a scientific genius who helped the world understand many concepts. Isaac Newton is probably most famous for his discovery of the laws of motion which describe gravity for the first time. The laws of motion also described the force of an object depended on two things, mass and acceleration. With Newton’s help the modern world has been able to innovate and invent many things some that during Newton’s time was thought of as impossible. Isaac Newton was a scientific genius who was the first to describe gravity, he wrote three laws of motion, and finally helped modernize the world with the understanding of gravity.

Sir Isaac Newton is one of the most important scientists in history with Albert Einstein, Aristotle, and Galileo. He was born in Woolsthorpe, England on January 4, 1643 and died March 31, 1727 in London, England. During his lifetime Newton discovered and invented many things, while also studying lots of classic philosophers and astronomers. Newton’s wide range of discoveries formed the basis for modern physics. Not only did he give us the three laws of motion, but he also gave us the origins of color and calculus. These discoveries play big roles in our world today.