Nice Post Garrick Research Paper

Regardless of its debilitating effects on the mind, anxiety and depression can be treated effectively through means of therapy or medication. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis are the two brilliant pioneers of cognitive therapy who have both developed effectual methods of redirection for those who seek assistance regarding their mental health. Cognitive therapy as a whole is centralized in guiding clients to walk through their thought process in order to identify distorted patterns of thinking as well as how to distinguish between reality and their negative perceptions of life events. Aaron Beck’s cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses upon the correlation between cognitive thinking, emotion, and behavior and how all three can inevitably compel an individual to interpret life situations in a negative manner and adopt maladaptive responses and behavior in return. Beck proposed that the cognitive triad previously mentioned consists of a negative view of oneself, the world, and of the future is ultimately what drives the individual to have distorted and maladaptive perceptions and thoughts. Meanwhile, Albert Ellis believed that irrational thinking is the culprit for negatively skewed perceptions of life’s outcomes. His form of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) reinforces the idea that irrational thinking is what leads the individual to perceive life negatively or enables maladaptive behaviors to occur. For instance, when an activating event or objective situation leads to

With the aid of a notebook, write down one of those negative beliefs like nothing will ever work out for me. Write out as many as you can think of and then choose a counter-belief such as Tom was able to come out of debt and own a multimillion dollar business, if he did it, so can I. Then as you go about your daily business – write down every piece of evidence that reaffirms the new belief system that is being created ignoring what opposes. As you continue this, pay attention to how you feel as the thoughts and emotions become more positive. Your subconscious mind has a different belief system which often times do not line up with our desires, the beliefs will always come out as winners. This is even more encouragement to improve, renew and change your belief systems. Emotions are vibrations of

In the cognitive behaviour approach to counselling the use of potential outcomes of cognitive behaviour therapy, looking at the fact that there are emotional disorders that result from negative thoughts and thinking on unrealistic terms, and this in time can be altered by changing the unrealistic terms and negative thoughts to positive thoughts and realistic ideas. Rational emotional therapy is there to assist the client to make enlightened changes to themselves. In 1962 Ellis stated that “ human thinking and emotions are, in some of their essences, the same thing, and that by changing the former one does change the latter ( Dryden 2001). This would let the client to give up the demands of their own psyche, others and the world, and change it to suit their choices and to allow themselves to accept themselves for who they really are. If the counsellor can get the client to do this, they can experience healthy negative emotions such as sadness, concern and disappointment, while still retaining their desires, wishes and needs. The client will rarely experience unhealthy

The foundation of cognitive therapy is that thoughts have the ability to influence individual's feelings. One's emotional

reduce the discomfort and restore balance” (McLeod, 2014, Introduction). As a reaction to emotional discomfort, our human nature seeks to restore equilibrium producing a consonant relationship that dissolves the negative emotional state of cognitive dissonance.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Fallible human beings Albert Ellis Irrational belief systems Cognitive process which causes complex interaction Cognitive disputations/ Risk-taking behaviors Psychoeducational 3. Cognitive Therapy Genetic and evolutionary predispositions Aaron “Tim” Beck Constructivist Structure of cognitions Core beliefs- automatic thoughts/ Cognitive schema Pragmatic 4. Reality Therapy/Choice Theory Self- preservation William Glasser Inner control Perceptual control theory Choice theory/ Control theory WDEP system Post-Modern 1. Narrative Therapy Absent but implicit Michael White Narrative Externalizing the problem and mapping its effects

Thoughts Out of Tune is a social psychology experiment which explores the idea of cognitive dissonance. This idea has a convoluted definition, but more or less means that when given a circumstance one does not believe, it creates stress which one will strenuously attempt to alleviate the tension. The person will come up with a validation to the scenario, and in turn, will accept the new scenario. Previously, it was thought that if one was told do something against his/her belief, the person would have less internal conflict if the reward was high. However, a 1953 study by Kelman disproved this thought and concluded a higher reward actually correlated with a higher dissonance. Thus, Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith set off to revisit this

The goal of this model is to help people become aware of and change their views and beliefs about the crisis events or situations. The main ideas of a cognitive model, is that clients can gain control of the crisis in their lives by changing their thinking, especially by recognizing and disputing the irrational and self-defeating parts of their cognitions, and by retaining and focusing on the rational and self-enhancing elements of their thinking (Gilliland, James, 2013: pg 17). In summary, because of something that may have happened to a person or may have altered their feelings, a life-changing experience could lead a person to think poorly of themselves. When clients begin to have faulty thinking, it usually leads to their behavior and actions changing for the worse as well. Sarah’s drastic drop in her behavior and work at school, could have been a result of some maladaptive

Cognitive Theory claims that behavior can be changed through changing faulty thinking, irrational thoughts, automatic thoughts, or learned cognitive misconceptions. When a client has negative images of themselves or their accomplishments, it sets the pace for their behavior, perceptions and expectations; when that thinking is exposed as faulty to the client, the client can then begin to change their behavior based upon restructured, truer images of reality. It has been shown to be effective therapy for individual, group, marital and family treatment, in treating depression, addiction, anxiety, PTSD, personality disorders, and some organic conditions such as schizophrenia, and in many social work settings, such as child welfare, private practice, mental health, crisis intervention, and health care.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was created by Aaron Beck, a professor in psychiatry in the 1960’s (Beck, 2011). Initially, Beck sought out to prove the psychoanalytic idea that depression stemmed from anger towards oneself (Beck, 2011). However, during his research he found that misleading thoughts and beliefs were the reasoning behind depression. Beck theorized that one’s current feelings about something are derived from an initial encounter that gave meaning to that specific event. So, negative feelings about a particular occurrence can be a result of misinformation (Beck & Greenberg, 1984).

These abnormal functions range from making the person feeling self-defeated, live in their past, and bring negative devastation to the smallest situations. This usually leads the patient into depression, social phobia, panic disorders, and sexual dysfunctions (pg. 50). Thankfully the same abnormal behaviors that can result from cognitive abilities, the treatment in place can be very successful at treating the same mental disorders. Since, cognitive theory can cause normal and abnormal behaviors the treatment in place is very successful. “According to cognitive therapists, people with psychological disorders can overcome their problems by developing new, more functional ways of thinking” (Comer 49). The quote previously stated, is the belief behind cognitive theory, which leads to be successful. The Cognitive Model did the best job at describing abnormal behaviors because everyone uses cognitive thinking. Everyone has abnormal or normal behavior from The Cognitive Model so it was relatable, making its explanation

It is through these negative interactions and experiences that the responder can understand and build knowledge of the idea of

People experience many attitudes. These attitudes are reflected in behaviors. Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is a situation that results in conflicting behaviors. People hold many perceptions about everything in the world, including themselves. When there is an imbalance of consistency, they are motivated to reduce or eliminate it to achieve consonance (McLeod, 2014). People reduce dissonance in three ways. The first is to reduce the importance. By reducing the importance of the cognition, it appears not as big of a concern. The second factor involves the influence over the dissonance. When a person feels they have control over the cognition, the amount of dissonance will reduce. The final way is through rewards. If the individual experiences high dissonance is accompanied or followed by a positive result, the dissonance is later less stressful (Robbins, 2017).

previously noted, although we often think that cognition causes affect then causes behavior, in reality these components

We all have basic wiring to feel unpleasant, pleasant, calm and distressed. We are the architect of our emotions after this. Data shows the brain isn't reacting to the world, it’s predicting and making emotions from a basic set of ingredients it has acquired since you were born. Just like making different recipes from the ingredients you have in your kitchen (flour, water, eggs etc); similarly your brain has a set of networks it uses in recipes to make different emotional states.