En el mundo de la política hay pocas obras que han marcado tanto la historia como lo ha hecho El príncipe. Escrito en 1513 por Nicolás Maquiavelo, este tratado político nace como dedicatoria para Lorenzo II de Medici, pero ha influenciado a muchos otros líderes como Napoleón Bonaparte. Antes de adentrarnos en el libro, hablemos un poco de Maquiavelo.
Maquiavelo nace el 3 de mayo de 1469, en medio del Renacimiento italiano, en la República de Florencia, hogar de muchos otros personajes históricos como Leonardo da Vinci, Miguel Ángel y Dante Alighieri. Maquiavelo nace en una familia culta y noble pero con pocos recursos por las deudas de Bernardo Maquiavelo, su padre, un abogado. Se tiene poca información sobre la infancia de Maquiavelo,
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Maquiavelo fue un escritor diverso y practicó muchos géneros literarios, sin embargo no estaba dotado para la poesía, y encontró en la prosa la clave para hacer físicas sus ideas. Estas se podrían considerar novedosas, pero más que todo radicales. En El príncipe, en donde no hay verdades religiosas, ni ideas metafísicas, ni principios morales, Maquiavelo expone estas ideas. Para Nicolás Maquiavelo sólo existe el hombre, que no es ni bueno ni malo, y al que hay que medir de acuerdo a su eficacia y utilidad. Por último, cabe mencionar que en El príncipe, Maquiavelo sustenta todas sus ideas bajo una estricta y fría lógica.
El príncipe empieza con las clases de principiados y con el modo de adquirirlos. Maquiavelo considera dos grupos grandes de principados: los hereditarios y los adquiridos. Después divide los adquiridos en: adquiridos con armas ajenas y los adquiridos con armas propias. Seguirá hablando de los principados mixtos y nuevos hasta el capítulo nueve.
En el siguiente capítulo, Maquiavelo habla sobre los principados hereditarios. En este capítulo no hay mucho contenido filosófico, pues este tipo de principado es el más fácil de conservar, por esto Maquiavelo no le dedica mucho tiempo. Sin embargo, en el capítulo tres (De los principados mixtos), Maquiavelo nos muestra por primera vez su pensamiento. Nos lo muestra sin rodeos, pues ese es su estilo. Maquiavelo escribe: “A los hombres hay que conquistarlos o
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