Nicolaus Copernicus Research Paper

Galileo demonstrated his telescope to some Venetian merchants. The Venetian merchants saw the telescopes value for spotting ships. They gave Galileo a salary so that he could produce some telescopes for them. Galileo’s ambition however made him go further. He made a decision to aim the telescope towards the heavens. He published a small booklet, The Starry Messenger, in which he told about his discoveries. He told that the moon was not flat and smooth but that it is round like the earth and had mountains and craters. He saw Venus had phases like the moon, which proved that it rotated around the sun. He also saw that earth was not the only planet to have a moon, but that Jupiter had a moon that did not revolve around the earth.

In 1633 the Vatican put a famous astronomer under house arrest. His name was Galileo Galeli, and he was one of the most talented scientists to ever walk the face of the earth. Galileo was an early pioneer in the field of physics and astronomy, and played an important role in the scientific revolution of the 17th century.

This is where he began to learn a lot about astronomy. He got a hold of astronomy books and instruments. He hid the items from his tutor during the day and would stay up all night looking at the stars and read his books. Then on August 17, 1563 Tycho was observing the stars and noticed that Saturn and Jupiter passed very close to each other. Later his tutor stopped tutoring him and his uncle died of pneumonia. Tycho then left Leipzig and went to Germany.

Galileo was first to have the use of a telescope to observe celestial bodies, which helped him greatly in making new discoveries. He was able to not only study the motion of other planets, but was able to observe the satellites orbiting those planets. Galileo also discovered an enormous amount of stars by observing the Milky Way giving way to theorizing that there is more to our universe then what was previously thought. Galileo later found himself in trouble with the Catholic Church for publicly announcing his findings, which went against the Church’s held beliefs of the Earth’s place in our universe. Sadly, Galileo had to essentially denounce his findings and was forced to keep his discoveries private for the rest of his days.

He was also very much significant to astronomy during the 1500’s. He was born in Poland on February 19th, 1473. In the early 1500’s other astronomers believed that the sun moved around the planets, but Copernicus discovered something else. He found that the planets we the ones that revolved around the sun. Everyone believed that all the planets, the stars and even the sun, revolved around Earth.

Galileo Galilei was one of the best Physicist and Philosopher on the Scientific Revolution. Galileo had such an impact on the Scientific Revolution that people called him, “The Father of Science”. He is famous for his improvement to the telescope and the Military Compass. Galilei was the first to observe the phase of Venus and the four major moons of Jupiter. Galileo is still known for his many inventions and discoveries, so that why he’s considered one of the best in the Scientific Revolution.

As a young child he began his studies with Aristotle. He studied many different subjects with him, including physics , mathematics, astronomy, geometry and medics. All of these helped him later on in life. He looked up to Aristotle. He gained a lot of knowledge over the years with him.

Johannes Kepler was a mathematician, an astrologer, and an astronomer. He was a key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution and was best known for his laws of planetary motion.

He attempted to find out what model would fit what he had observed from his data. He spent 25 years preforming grueling calculations on other scientists' astronomical observations to try to find out the nature of the orbits. He was disappointed with his calculations at first when they stated that the orbits couldn't be but they must be some kind of oval shape. Eventually he found that all of the data fitted the elliptical orbits.

He was the fourth and youngest child in the Copernicus family. The family wasn't the richest, they were copper merchants in their town of Torun. Copernicus' family was German (Mikolaj Kopernik in German) but by the time he was born they were living in Poland. Must have been a fun trip being pregnant. Therefore under Polish rule, he was Polish although his first language was German. He did speak some Polish as well because he had lived there. At a young ripe age of 10, his father had died. It is not clear what had happened to his mother and siblings although, generally assumed, they hadn't moved. His uncle, Bishop of Varmia Lucas Watzenrode took a paternal role to make sure he had a great education. This was obviously very hard on young Nicolaus so to keep distracted he kept his head in his books which increased his intelligence. In 1491 Copernicus started to attend University of Cracow where he studied Math and painting like a true Renaissance man that he was. From his reading when he was younger, Nicolaus realized he was also into the stars and how they had worked.

University of Cracow and assumed an administrative position just below that of bishop. Copernicus then

Galileo Galilei was a great Italian astronomer, mathematician and philosopher, whose explorations and discoveries opened new doorways of ideas in the science field.

John Baptist Riccioli, also known as Giovanni Baptist Riccioli advanced further than the initial service of Galileo who pioneered observations that placed the foundation for modern physics and astronomy. John Baptist Riccioli became one of the principal cultivators of astronomy in Italy during the greater part of the seventeenth century. The creation of the telescope lunar studies, a published detailed lunar maps introducing much nomenclature for lunar objects, and the discovery of the first double stars is what John Baptist Riccioli contributed to not just astronomy alone, but also science.

Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Poland on February 19th, 1473. His father was names Niklas and his mother was Barbara. He completed high school in his hometown, which is Thorn, at

The Heliocentric theory was developed once Copernicu realized that the Geocentric theory had defied certain ancient views, as well as realizing that it was far to complicated for his taste. Once conducting his research he had discovered that the earth was not at all in the center of the universe, “The eyes are witness that the heaven revolve in the space of twenty-four hours. But certain men, either from the love of novelty, or to make a display of ingenuity, have conclude that the earth moves and they maintain that neither the eighth sphere [of the fixed stars] nor the sun revolves...”. It was then discovered that the earth was not in the center and in its place was the sun, with it following Mercury, Venus, Earth; with the moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn. In contradiction, of Ptolemy's Geocentric system which consisted of the earth in the center, followed by the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Firmament, Crystalline Sphere, Prime mover and Empyrean Heaven. Nonetheless, these finding were discovered, and put into Copernicus book, On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres, they were not out until before his death. With the fear of being embarrassed by other astronomers Copernicus book was not published until May 1543, before his death. After the people got a taste of these findings many questions had risen such as