Nicolaus Copernicus Research Paper

The Scientific Revolution began in the 1500's. New observations and theories about the natural world created a different mindset about the study of our Earth. This eventually caused people to dismiss the traditional religious teachings about our planet. Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton were pioneering scientists that came up with ground breaking discoveries and theories. Nicolaus Copernicus came up with the heliocentric theory. This was the idea that Earth, and all of the other planets in the solar system, revolve around the sun, which was in the middle. In the early 1600's, Galileo Galilei created the telescope. He used this tool to gaze up at the sky. The observations that he made using the telescope supported Copernicus's

In concordance with Christian doctrines, this system implies that heaven and the throne of God lie beyond the tenth sphere. On the other hand, during the first half of the 16th century, Polish cleric Copernicus developed an astronomical model which positions the motionless Sun at the center of the universe, with the Earth, the moon, and six other planets revolving at a constant speed around it. He argues that all stars were at rest and that their nightly movements are simply indications of the earth’s rotation. However, members of the Church, especially Protestants, who interpreted the Bible literally, refused to grant Copernicus credit for his theory. Nevertheless, once released among the population, the Copernican theory raised support from various scholars, a few of whom, such as Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, went on to dedicate their career to solidify its legitimacy. With their use of mathematical reasoning, instead of antic philosophy, the Copernican theory finally became justified among the population. Pertaining to its influence among laypeople, the Copernican theory raised various questions against the

"The growth of commerce and industry led to the technological advances, which in turn stimulated, and were stimulated by science.” (p. 403) The European scientific revolution was fueled by the blending of “liberal” and “servile” arts, in other words, science and technology. Because of the European expansion taking place throughout the world, new commerce and industries were advancing, creating the need for new technology and science. The theories and inventions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton provided were the fist major advances during the scientific revolution, and perhaps were the most profound.

Copernicus published "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres" in 1543 , sparking off the scientific revolution and a new era of astronomical thought. This theory explains that the sun, not the Earth, is the center of the solar system and planets move in a circular motion around it. This had many social, intellectual and religious made of huis idea. For instance, this theory brought into question the strict reading of the Bible and philosophies of the Catholic Church.

The term Scientific Revolution refers to a period in the 17th century when the intellects of Europe had a revolution. This was an illustrious time for science and the initiation of modern science. During that period famous people such as Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Isaac Newton all lived and contributed greatly to many areas of science. Just about that time period these people changed the viewpoint of our universe from geocentric (the earth at the center) to heliocentric (the sun at the center). Kepler came up with the

The scientific revolution paved way for many intellectual discoveries. Nicolaus Copernicus put forth a theory of the heliocentric system, meaning the universe revolves around the sun, a fact known by scientists today. Sir Francis Bacon, known for establishing the scientific method, introduced the importance of inductive reasoning. A Methodology still used to this day by individuals all around the world. Galileo Galilei, accredited for many mathematical philosophies and the discovery of the telescope, led future scientists towards discovering the unknown world.

The Scientific Revolution is the qualitative jump in sciences in the 17th century. New discoveries in natural science, engineering, geography rejected many traditional ideas and a common picture of the world. Aristotle, Claudius Ptolemy, and Christian Theology represented the universe as geocentric conception where the earth was motionless and in the center of concentric spheres. (479) Such representation was supported till Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) argued Ptolemy's conception and suggested heliocentric understanding. His conception opened the Earth as a planet where the moon took place as Earth's satellite and the sun was the center of planets. Also as Copernicus, Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler disagreed with Ptolemy's geocentric system. Based on the Brahe's work, Kepler came to conclusions that each planet moves in an ellipse and were able to calculate relations between planets' size and

Galileo Galilei was also a supporter of the Copernican Theory. Galileo believed the earth, and other planets, rotated on its axis around the unmoving sun. He used his new invention of the telescope to prove Copernicus’ theory. With the telescope, Galileo found sunspots on the earth’s moon, which gave proof to him that the heavens were not perfect and changeless but were more like the changeable earth. iv He also discovered Jupiter and the four moons that revolved around it. He only discovered one moon revolving around the earth. Galileo therefore stated if Jupiter were to revolve around the earth, then the earth would have to have at least four moons, and it doesn’t. v The Church objected Galileo’s theory because the Bible said the sun moved through the sky. Being totally rejected by the church, Galileo was forced to take back what he had written and was also prevented from any further teachings of his theory. Galileo was condemned by the Catholic Church for his ideas. The Church succeeded in silencing Galileo but couldn’t stop the advancements in science.

Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who arose the Heliocentric Theory which caused the scientific revolution. Copernicus discoveries were very important, and impacted science to this day. Copernicus constructed his data from his astronomical observations of sun-centered cosmology. The Heliocentric theory is the belief that the sun is in the center of the universe and all the planets revolve around it. The Heliocentric Theory contradicts The Geocentric. “Copernicus's heliocentric solar system named the sun, rather than the earth, as the center of the solar system”. (http://www.biography.com/).

The Scientific Revolution not only led to countless inventions that changed the way of life, but changed people’s perspectives on many subjects such as the natural world. Copernicus changed the traditional view of the universe from an earth centered theory to a sun centered theory based on data collected from his predecessors in the field of astronomy. The key to proving this new view of the universe was the collaboration of other scientists, such as Galileo, and the usage of new astronomical instruments, particularly the telescope. The telescope allowed systematic observations of the universe, which ultimately supported the heliocentric view of the universe. This new view questioned everything that was fundamental to the Christian faith, which infuriated the Catholic Church (Spielvogel 475-480, 493).

He was also very much significant to astronomy during the 1500’s. He was born in Poland on February 19th, 1473. In the early 1500’s other astronomers believed that the sun moved around the planets, but Copernicus discovered something else. He found that the planets we the ones that revolved around the sun. Everyone believed that all the planets, the stars and even the sun, revolved around Earth.

One scientist that helped the push the Scientific Revolution forward is Galileo Galilei. His discoveries were the foundation for many others who followed him. One of these discoveries that helped the Scientific Revolution is the telescope. This invention improved on by Galileo allowed scientists to carefully study

Galileo advised heliocentricity, providing the only model that fit all his observations. Copernicus's model, which also changed the orbits of the planets, it made mathematical sense. It also explained all of his new data. His data began to make more sense.

In 1543 Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish Canon, published “On the Revolution of the Celestial Orbs”. The popular view is that Copernicus discovered that the earth revolves

Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Poland on February 19th, 1473. His father was names Niklas and his mother was Barbara. He completed high school in his hometown, which is Thorn, at