Nicole's First Signs Of Ectopic Pregnancy

Physiological changes occurring in Amber’s body are happening in her gastrointestinal, urinary, respiratory and cardiovascular system. She is feeling sick because of the increased hCG, progesterone and estrogen levels. Her story is only until her 11th week of her pregnancy, but she may feel many symptoms throughout the rest of her pregnancy if it is not aborted. Those symptoms could be increased urination because the kidneys are disposing of fetal metabolic waste as well as her own. Blood volume also rises to help accommodate the fetus’ needs (Marieb & Hoehn 2013).

The patient was on 17 weeks and 5 days of pregnancy on the admission day. The patient had experienced two previous miscarriages which happened two years ago. Two previous pregnancies also because of cervical incompetence secondary to bicornuate uterus. Instead of being pear-shaped, bicornuate uterus looks more like a heart, with a deep indentation at the top. Most of the women with bicornuate uterus might present with cervical incompetence or early pregnancy loss. Clinical manifestations of the patient shown are quite significant which are changed in vaginal discharge for one week and also light vaginal bleeding in the later stage. Vaginal discharges are thick in consistency, whitish in color and no foul

pregnancy. This serious complication results in a miscarriage and can cause death of the mother.

GROSS DESCRIPTION: Exam of the specimen designated “left fallopian tube” reveals the presence of a fallopian tube measuring 6 cm in length and 2.3 cm in average diameter. Sectioning of the tube shows it to be

closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus as a spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of

The patient tells me that she is unsure when her last menstrual cycle was. Her periods are very irregular and she had not been keeping track of it. She and her husband have been attempting pregnancy for the last year and a half and she tells me that as of Thursday, August 27th, she and her husband had gone through the procedures for adoption. She said that she knows she ovulated on August 18th. She was using an ovulation kit. She took a home pregnancy test on the 28th, which was positive, repeated with a different brand of test on the 29th and that was also positive. She has a regular gynecologist with York Gynecology, Robert Cervenka, MD, that she uses regularly, and she already has an appointment with him

This particular case study involves a 29 year old obstetric patient who presented to the labor and delivery unit at 33 weeks gestation with complaints of abdominal pain for the past three days that had become more severe and absence of fetal movement noted since the previous evening. Her obstetric history revealed she has one living child and has had one previous miscarriage at ten weeks

If a patient complains with the signs and symptoms previously described along with abdominal pain, amenorrhea, or difficulty to conceive, a physician will take these necessary measures to diagnosing PCOS. During a physical examination, lab work will be ordered such as a fasting lipid profile, a glucose test, hormone levels, and an insulin test. The results will give detail information on hormone levels such as prolactin and thyroid levels, FSH to LH ratio and androgen levels. A transvaginal ultrasound will also be recommended and administered to indicate a pearl-necklace pattern of cysts

Infertility and ovarian cancer are very serious problems that can be developed in women with endometriosis. Infertility is the main problem associated with endometriosis. It can be a major setback for seemingly healthy couples that want to start a family. “Endometriosis is associated with infertility in 30-40% of sufferers (World Endometriosis, 2011)” “The presence of endometriosis may involve masses of tissue or scarring (adhesions) within the pelvis that may distort normal anatomical structures, such as Fallopian tubes, which transport the eggs from the ovaries. Alternatively, endometriosis may affect fertility through the production of hormones and other substances that have a negative effect on ovulation, fertilization of the egg, and/or implantation of the embryo” (MedicineNet, 2013). Although

Hydrosalpinx is a result of injury to the tube, usually from an infection, the most common cause is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and other causes of distal tubal occlusion include adhesion formation from surgery, endometriosis, tubal ligation, and tubal malignancy.

This usually occurs during the second or third trimester. The cervix is dilated for the entry of surgical forceps (AbortionTV). The fetus is partly pulled though the vagina in a breech style. The legs of the fetus are hanging out of the womb. The doctor forces the scissors into the back of the head and spreads the scissors to increase the wound size. A suction cup is held over the fetus’s head as the brains are sucked out (AbortionTV). The body is removed and the womb is cleaned of any other birthing particles. The partial abortion procedure can have fatal side effects such as infection of the cervix, excessive bleeding of the womb, chances for the mother to be fertile decreases, and causes scarring of the uterine wall. Medical experts thought the fetus couldn’t feel the pain of the scissors going through its head but, they were wrong. Studies show that it can feel the pain three to five times more than an adult that would experience it (AbortionTV). The tiny fetus’s are sedated and numbed up so the won’t feel the intense pain.

Women with EDS hypermobility are at an increased risk of complications seen in menstruation and pregnancy. Some manifestations associated with this condition are painful and irregular menstruation, uterine and or rectal prolapse and vessel rupture during pregnancy and delivery. Due to these issues infants are at an elevated risk of premature birth. Infants also are seen

The main symptom of this condition is pain in the lower abdomen, usually on one side of the body. The pain may come and go suddenly. Other symptoms may include:

The sign and symptoms of PPH include; the apparent excessive bleeding, hematocrit-reduction of the number of red blood cells, reduced blood pressure, development of symptoms of shock and anaemia, and severe pain and swelling of tissues and muscles of the vagina, vulva, pelvic and perineum (Simpson & Creehan, 2008). Besides, Ricci & Kyle (2009) avow that there are different factors that place a mother at risk for PPH, and they comprise; prolonged first, second or third stage of labour, previous history of PPH, foetal macrosomia, uterine infection, arrest of descent and multiple gestation. Other risk factors may include; mediolateral episiotomy, coagulation abnormalities, maternal hypertension, maternal exhaustion, malnutrition or anaemia, preeclampsia, precipitous birth, polyhydramnios and previous placenta previa (Ricci & Kyle, 2009).

There are other complications that are not life threatening but are still dangerous to the mother’s health. One example is uterine perforation, occurring when the abortionist misses the child with his knife and cuts the mother’s uterus. This may cause hemorrhaging and complications in childbirth later on. The uterus now cannot hold a child and may rip; causing problems in birth that may lead to the death of the child. Prominent damage to the uterus may require a hysterectomy (“A List of Major Physical Sequelae Related to Abortion”). Another complication is cervical lacrations, which are the tearing of the cervix. These are prominent in childbirth also. These lacerations cause major hemorrhaging and may result in cervical incompetence, premature delivery, and complications of labor (“A List of Major Physical Sequelae Related to Abortion”). Cervical incompetence causes miscarriages. Another complication is placenta previa, which is the “abnormal development of the placenta due to uterine damage” (“A List of Major Physical Sequelae Related to Abortion”). This