Nietzsche's Conception Of Metaphor

When people talk to each other, they make widespread use of metaphor. In talk, metaphor is a shifting, dynamic phenomenon that spreads, connects, and disconnects with other thoughts and other speakers, starts and restarts, flows through talk developing, extending, and changing. Metaphor in talk both shapes the ongoing talk and is shaped by it. The creativity of metaphor in talk appears less in the novelty of connected domains and more in the use of metaphor to shape a discourse event and the adaptation of metaphor in the flow of talk. People use metaphor to think with, to explain themselves to others, to organize their talk, and their choice of metaphor often reveals- not only their conceptualizations- but also, and perhaps

Metaphors can be defined as those concepts where a term is used to portray a different meaning in a phrase than what it literary means. Additionally, metaphors are also used to make rhetorical statements where one is speaking of something else but by the use of words that do not have the same meaning. Moreover, metaphors can be used when one is trying to compare two different items with different meanings to portray the same meaning in describing something (Arduini 83). The book “Their eyes were watching God” has several metaphors, which have different analyses.

Rhetoric is debatably the foundation of every society, relationship, and piece of writing, but the branches which extend off of rhetoric are usually not analyzed with the same depth. One figure of speech in particular intertwines a level of complexity that allows for a drastic amount of interpretation: metaphors. A metaphor is nearly always within one’s speech, intentional or unintentional; a metaphor allows a reader to dive deeper into a text and allows more creativity to be shown. The protege of Plato, Greek philosopher, scientist and debatably one of the most influential thinkers in the history of Western thought, Aristotle, produced the books Rhetoric I, II, and III, where he plays with the concept and necessity of metaphors. Continuously Aristotle refutes himself, but throughout the rigorous interpretation and analyzation one may see he leans towards the usage of metaphors and the beneficial properties it bestows. Aristotle describes a metaphor within book III, Poetics as, “…the application of an alien name by transference either from genus to species, or from species to genus, or from species to species, or by analogy, that is, proportion.” The usage of metaphors is a critical way for a reader to grasp deep understanding of a topic that without there would not be a correct explanation for, while allowing the author to steer them into the correct interpretation of the text.

Metaphors allow the reader to paint a picture of written words referencing images that they are familiar with. Like any other animal, there is a hierarchy of strength and therefore

Although there are diversified classifications of the term ‘metaphor’, this research will merely focus on the aspect of metaphor that was put forward by a cognitive linguist. “In the cognitive-linguistic view, metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain” (Kövecses, 2002, p.4).

Lakoff and Johnson agrees when they wrote “It is far more difficult to see that there is anything hidden by the metaphor or even to see that there is a metaphor used here. This is so much the conventional way of thinking about language that it is sometimes hard to imagine that it might not really fit. ”(Lakoff and Johnson 11). Taking a deeper look at metaphors is important to understanding the complexity of the English language. The first step in analyzing a metaphor is to recognize the hard ones.

metaphor-"is a typical different method of expression that thinks about two things without utilizing any looking at words, (for example, like or as)." (Kirzner & Mandell, p. 208).

Reeves’ chapter on Metaphors in Science shows just how much we rely on metaphors to communicate complex topics. This chapter is an overview of how we would be unable to communicate or think without metaphors. Reeves gives eye-opening examples throughout the text and makes me realize how people fail to realize how often we rely on metaphors. She also discusses how metaphors aren’t a completely reliable source.

The metaphor is useful to alter a sentence or language that the ordinary becomes extraordinary. By using the metaphor of the work of the author or the speaker even better and more interesting. so will a lot of people who love it. In addition, by using the metaphor of the works of the writer and the speaker to be more interesting, more like it and the word is said to be more poetic. an awful lot of people who do not understand about the use of metaphor and what kind. so if in a work such as a poem, song or in a speech given metaphor, then the listener or the reader will feel curious and want to know what the meaning of the sentence. so there will be plenty of people who study the metaphor. In addition to the metaphor to embellish a metaphorical

I am writing this letter to inform you about a poem in Chapter Five of Perrine’s Sound and Sense. This chapter focuses on figurative languages, such as similes, metaphors, personification, apostrophes, synecdoches, and metonymies. Although I already knew what a simile, metaphor, and personification, I did not know what an apostrophe and metonymy was. An apostrophe addresses someone absent or dead or something nonhuman as if that person or thing is present and alive and could reply to what is being said. And a synecdoche is the use or the part for the whole and metonymy is the use of something closely related for the thing actually meant. In this chapter, I focused on the poem “Metaphors” by Sylvia Plath.

It is no exaggeration to claim that the prototypically-established theorizing on metaphor since the days of Aristotle has really found its realization with the publication of Lakoff and Johnson's seminal work Metaphors We Live By (2003 [1980]). Within it, Lakoff and Johnson refute the long-entrenched view that metaphor is basically a matter of language, a mere rhetorical flourish confined to literature. Rather, they strongly suggest that metaphor is ubiquitously widespread through everyday language; it is so integral a part of the cognitive system we all have and unconsciously use everyday to perceive the world. Revolutionary as it seems, this new approach to metaphor opens the gate wide for a series of cognitive enterprise attempting to take

This paper deals with the question of whether metaphors are sufficient for the fulfillment of philosophical tasks, and, if they are, which cognitive or methodological place metaphors can have within philosophical discourse. We can distinguish three attitudes toward metaphors. First is the general rejection of metaphors in philosophy. Second is the unrestricted affirmation of metaphors as ‘absolute’ and as compensating for metaphysics. This conception will be analyzed critically and shown to be self-contradictory. The third position can be described as the restricted affirmation of using metaphors. According to this view, metaphors can be characterized as-strictly speaking-non-philosophical but extrinsic to constitutive forms in

metaphors to describe cognition. For example, we use images of light to express thought; we have

Bryant, an adolescence in the year 1811, wrote a poem that shows how he views the world, but was he a protegee of philosophy or was he just following the “hip” new thing? Bryant uses figurative language, a store of information and imagery that has only one purpose, to compare two things to make a point. Similes and metaphors are most commonly used, although there are alternative types of figurative language. Firstly, we will look at metaphors he uses in his poem, secondly, the similes we are examined, and finally, I will explain how they further Bryant’s purposes for the poem. Bryant chisels figurative language into his poem, like a well-seasoned craftsman, chisels a long awaited for work of art. But to what purpose does he use it; why do we have this poem? Bryant uses figurative language to comfort his reader and bids them to accept the eventuality of their own death.

The terms “metaphor” and “metonymy” made a regular appearance in our survey of modern literary theory. Discuss the significance that these terms assumed in the various schools of thought, and comment on both continuities and changes within the various contexts. Do you still find the terms useful for literary studies today?