Nigeria Civil Service Reforms Since Independence Till Date..

The federal bureaucracy is the group of government organizations that implement policy. The federal bureaucrats belong, for the most part, to the group of government agencies led by the president’s cabinet (the collection of appointed officials tasked with leading various federal government departments such as the State Department, Department of Homeland Security etc.) (Geer et al.). These department heads, known as cabinet secretaries, are appointed by each new president. The federal bureaucracy is responsible for writing regulations that implement the laws. In this, the federal bureaucracy’s importance cannot be understated. Congress passes laws, the president signs them, but it is the responsibility of the bureaucracy to actually implement them in the most effective, unburdening way.

“The government, which was designed for the people, has got into the hands of the bosses and their employers, the special interests. An invisible empire has been set up above the forms of democracy.” This quote by Woodrow Wilson fits perfectly with the topics that will be discussed. The major theme of this paper is bureaucracy. Bureaucracy refers to an administrative system in which agencies staffed largely by non elected officials perform specific tasks in accordance with standard procedures. The work of the bureaucracy involves implementing laws and procedures. Does this sound familiar? That is because most bureaucrats work for the executive branch of the government. The executive branch is the one that enforces the laws. Some of these law enforcing jobs include mail clerk, police officer, fireman, and first responder. These jobs are essential to our lives as Americans and are greatly appreciated. This paper will expound on the history, usage, and the Cabinet

Reagan had a cabinet government that assigned a higher position to the president’s secretary of

These agencies range in issues from Agriculture, to Homeland Security, to Transportation and it is a great way for the President and the Executive Branch to delegate tasks to professionals who may have more experience with the issues at hand. Key members of the cabinet are the Vice President and the leaders of each department. They are called Secretaries. These people work very closely with President Obama to oversee administratively all laws and different aspects of the United

Kernaghan, K. 2000. The Post-Bureaucratic Organization and Public Services Values. Interational Review of Administrative Sciences 66. 2000, pp. 92-93.

Its job is to carry out the day-to-day government and administration of the country and to execute the laws. The Governor-General forms part of the executive but does not exercise political power. Instead, the Governor-General acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Executive Council. The Executive Council consists of the ministers in the government.

Civil service in the United States has a long and complex history. Civil service rules govern how public employees are hired, promoted and fired. This paper will focus on the selection politics of public personnel systems as divided in three time periods, the spoils era, the reform era, and representative bureaucracy. It will discuss the major civil service reforms throughout history in the Unites States and examine the role that politics and the environment play as an element of civil service reform in the public sector organizations. The paper will also touch on a number of institutions and players that play a role in the formulation of public personnel policy and some implications that they bring in the long run. Some of the

Civil service reform act or CSRA is the first federally passed civil service reform after the Pendleton act of 1883. Leading up to the passing of the CSRA, the federal government grew in both size and complexity which caused the public to question the government cost and blame policy failures on the

By 1906 British controlled Nigeria. Britain ruled through existing political institutions rather than establishing a whole new administrative network. African officials were set up, and in most cases not accepted by the mass of the people but were able to rule only because of the British power that stood behind them. The important decisions were made by the British Governor, and the African rulers soon lost all of their authority. Under the British, railroads and roads were built and the productions of cash crops were encouraged. The country became more urbanized as cities grew in size and importance. Africa continued to have no role in higher level government issues. In 1947, Great Britain declared a constitution that gave the African authorities a greater voice in national affairs. Three major political parties developed: The National council of Nigeria, the NCNC (National Convention of Nigerian Citizens) and the NPC (Northern People’s Congress). The constitution failed by 1952 and a new one, solidifying the division of Nigeria into three regions replaced it in 1954. In 1954 the Eastern and Western regions became internally self-governing, and the Northern region as well in

The President’s cabinet is made up of the fifteen different departments and their executive officers. These officers include: the Secretary of State, who is in charge of foreign affairs, the Secretary of the Treasury, who is in charge of economic policy, the Secretary of Defense, who is in charge of our nation’s military forces, the Secretary of the Interior, who is in charge of the preservation of our culture and environment, the Attorney General, who is in charge of enforcing the law and serving the citizens, the Secretary of Agriculture, who is in charge of improving farm income and expanding markets, the Secretary of Commerce, who is in charge of the of trade and economic growth, the Secretary of Labor, who is in charge of the promotion of the welfare of our nation’s wage earners, the Secretary of Health and Human Services,

Each of those are headed by a Secretary who sits on the President’s Cabinet. The only one that isn’t is the Justice Department, that is headed by the Attorney General. The Secretaries have important job duties. They are responsible for directing the department’s policy and for overseeing its operation.

The reading “Civil Service Reform in the United States” written by Kellough and Nigro analyses the notion adjustments and movement that that reforms have created throughout history. As we have learned form chapter three, reforms are adjusted in accordance with the internal beliefs, political ideologies or economic practices. Kellough & Nigro (2010) argued, “…they were and are driven by interests and purposes ranging from the outright partisan to the mostly technical” (p. 74). The effects of each reform goes along with the internal beliefs of participants that may not be able to assess or evaluate the effects of such reforms until the modification or creation of new reforms. The human resources department plays an important role on the management

The Cabinet departments are usually headed by a secretary (the Department of Justice is headed by the Attorney General), but it is the bureau level that has the responsibility for interacting with the public.

Before we begin, let’s take a look at the country and its environs. Nigeria a former British Colony, located in the western part of Africa, it shares borders with Benin, Cameroun, and Niger. A growing population of 150million, labour force of 51million (70% Agriculture, 10% industry and 20% service), urbanisation is less than 40%, GDP is over $300billion, Per capita income is $2300. Nigeria is blessed with different cultures, languages and ethnic groups (252 in total); this was due to the colonization of the British in the early 19th century (Columbia Encyclopaedia). The British amalgamated its protectorates in 1914 to enable stable control and governance which made them create one Nation of Nigeria formed from all the groups, community and empires around the Niger area under their control. Nigeria had her independence on the 1st of October 1960 and since then various civil wars, political and religious unrest in the country to share power and resources amicably.

Corruption can be defined as the use of entrusted power to accumulate public wealthy for personal benefit. Corruption is not peculiar to any country, continent or state; it is sure a global issue which is an endemic to all government all over the world. However, corruption is prevalent in the Niger delta region of Nigeria; public officers in this oil producing state of Nigeria are corrupt. Consequently, it has defied the Niger delta from developing politically and economically which has left the states reputation in a mess. Radicalization of youths, abject poverty and -political instability are the three leading effects of corruption in the Niger delta region of Nigeria.